Navalyze · Flags
Flags of ships reporting to EU MRV, 2019
THETIS-MRV has no flag column, but every report names the ship's port of registry, and each port belongs to one flag state (Monrovia to Liberia, Majuro to the Marshall Islands). Navalyze reads the 517 ways the port is written in 2019 and assigns 80 flags. These are estimates, not official flag data; see how the flag is estimated.
The year at a glance
Largest flags
The 25 flags with most CO₂ in 2019. Bars show emissions; "EU" marks EU/EEA flags.
- Liberia17.1 Mt
- Panama15.0 Mt
- Marshall Islands14.9 Mt
- Malta · EU13.8 Mt
- Hong Kong (China)8.9 Mt
- Bahamas7.8 Mt
- Italy · EU7.7 Mt
- Singapore7.1 Mt
- Denmark · EU5.5 Mt
- Greece · EU4.9 Mt
- Portugal · EU4.4 Mt
- Cyprus · EU4.3 Mt
- Norway · EU3.4 Mt
- Netherlands · EU3.3 Mt
- Bermuda2.4 Mt
- France · EU2.3 Mt
- Antigua and Barbuda2.2 Mt
- Germany · EU2.0 Mt
- Finland · EU1.9 Mt
- Spain · EU1.6 Mt
- United Kingdom1.4 Mt
- Sweden · EU1.4 Mt
- Isle of Man1.4 Mt
- Turkiye1.1 Mt
- United States1.1 Mt
Show as table, with ships, fuel and EU ETS
| Flag | Ships | CO₂ | Fuel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 1,660 | 17.1 Mt 12% | 5.5 Mt |
| Panama | 1,434 | 15.0 Mt 10% | 4.8 Mt |
| Marshall Islands | 1,736 | 14.9 Mt 10% | 4.7 Mt |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,118 | 13.8 Mt 9% | 4.4 Mt |
| Hong Kong (China) | 707 | 8.9 Mt 6% | 2.9 Mt |
| Bahamas | 562 | 7.8 Mt 5% | 2.5 Mt |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 311 | 7.7 Mt 5% | 2.4 Mt |
| Singapore | 705 | 7.1 Mt 5% | 2.3 Mt |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 266 | 5.5 Mt 4% | 1.8 Mt |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 344 | 4.9 Mt 3% | 1.6 Mt |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 342 | 4.4 Mt 3% | 1.4 Mt |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 321 | 4.3 Mt 3% | 1.4 Mt |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 287 | 3.4 Mt 2% | 1.1 Mt |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 322 | 3.3 Mt 2% | 1.1 Mt |
| Bermuda | 90 | 2.4 Mt 2% | 789 kt |
| FranceEU/EEA | 81 | 2.3 Mt 2% | 744 kt |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 301 | 2.2 Mt 2% | 714 kt |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 86 | 2.0 Mt 1% | 631 kt |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 66 | 1.9 Mt 1% | 603 kt |
| SpainEU/EEA | 57 | 1.6 Mt 1% | 525 kt |
| United Kingdom | 72 | 1.4 Mt 1% | 452 kt |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 67 | 1.4 Mt 1% | 451 kt |
| Isle of Man | 155 | 1.4 Mt 1% | 456 kt |
| Turkiye | 91 | 1.1 Mt 1% | 351 kt |
| United States | 50 | 1.1 Mt 1% | 345 kt |
| Other flags (55) | 858 | 7.3 Mt 5% | 2.3 Mt |
| Unknown | 331 | 3.3 Mt 2% | 1.0 Mt |
Flags over time
CO₂ of the six largest flags of the latest year, in every reporting year. Blank ports are filled from the same ship's other years.
- Liberia
- Marshall Islands
- Malta
- Panama
- Singapore
- Portugal
EU/EEA flags' share of all CO₂: 2018 40% · 2019 40% · 2020 39% · 2021 42% · 2022 40% · 2023 41% · 2024 39% · 2025 40%
EU/EEA and other flags
EU/EEA means the 27 EU member states, Norway and Iceland. Overseas registers with their own flag, such as the Faroe Islands, Isle of Man, Gibraltar and Bermuda, count as other flags.
| Flags | Shipsreporting | CO₂emitted, total | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU/EEA flags | 3,800 | 58.2 Mt 40% | +7% | +1% |
| Other flags | 8,289 | 85.8 Mt 58% | −3% | −1% |
| Unknown flag | 331 | 3.3 Mt 2% | – | – |
Flag mix of each segment
Share of each segment's CO₂ under the 10 largest flags, and under all EU/EEA flags together. Each row adds up to 100% across all flags.
| Segment | Liberia | Panama | Marshall Islands | Malta | Hong Kong (China) | Bahamas | Italy | Singapore | Denmark | Greece | All EU/EEA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Container | 18% | 16% | 4% | 9% | 13% | · | · | 7% | 7% | · | 32% |
| Oil tanker | 15% | 4% | 20% | 13% | 3% | 7% | 3% | 6% | 2% | 11% | 37% |
| Bulk carrier | 15% | 20% | 22% | 10% | 8% | 4% | · | 5% | · | 2% | 18% |
| Ro-pax | · | · | · | · | · | 4% | 22% | · | 4% | 12% | 87% |
| Chemical tanker | 12% | 5% | 19% | 16% | 4% | 2% | 3% | 7% | 4% | 2% | 38% |
| LNG carrier | 2% | 2% | 26% | 6% | 3% | 20% | · | 4% | · | 4% | 22% |
| Passenger | · | 12% | 2% | 20% | · | 21% | 18% | · | · | · | 46% |
| General cargo | 6% | 5% | 5% | 4% | 5% | 3% | · | 3% | · | · | 45% |
| Ro-ro | · | 3% | · | 14% | · | 2% | 16% | · | 9% | · | 68% |
| Vehicle carrier | 3% | 25% | 6% | 7% | · | 15% | · | 7% | · | 1% | 26% |
| Gas carrier (LPG) | 24% | 6% | 4% | 10% | 2% | 7% | · | 9% | 5% | · | 36% |
| Reefer | 31% | 9% | 1% | 5% | · | 31% | 9% | 5% | · | · | 18% |
| Con-ro | · | 4% | · | 1% | · | · | 46% | · | · | · | 72% |
Flags beyond the largest fifteen of a segment are counted in the EU/EEA total but not shown in their own column.
How each flag's ships compare
Each ship is set against the median ship of its own segment, on the platform's KPIs; the figure shown is the median of those differences for the flag's ships. Within a segment, bigger ships burn more fuel per mile but less CO₂ per tonne carried, so a flag with smaller ships looks higher on CO₂ per transport work for reasons of size. The similar-size column compares each ship only with ships of its own size band.
| Flag | Shipsbenchmarked | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmvs segment median | LNG / alt. fuelships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 1,496 | −1% | +4% | +5% | 0 / 9 |
| Panama | 1,372 | −10% | −2% | +1% | 0 / 9 |
| Marshall Islands | 1,667 | −4% | −2% | +1% | 0 / 20 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,044 | +8% | +1% | −4% | 0 / 16 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 674 | −17% | −5% | +9% | 0 / 5 |
| Bahamas | 540 | +3% | +2% | +5% | 0 / 41 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 303 | +8% | +10% | +4% | 0 / 2 |
| Singapore | 671 | −9% | −7% | −3% | 0 / 13 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 247 | 0% | −4% | −5% | 0 / 10 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 323 | −14% | +1% | +11% | 0 / 17 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 323 | +42% | +7% | −16% | 0 / 0 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 274 | +54% | +3% | −14% | 0 / 9 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 284 | −1% | +4% | +5% | 0 / 19 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 310 | +3% | −2% | −14% | 0 / 5 |
| Bermuda | 88 | −9% | −7% | +3% | 0 / 37 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 77 | +27% | +13% | +6% | 0 / 2 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 284 | +64% | +20% | −14% | 0 / 0 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 86 | +31% | +2% | +11% | 0 / 0 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 63 | +21% | 0% | −3% | 0 / 2 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 53 | +100% | +49% | −1% | 0 / 7 |
| United Kingdom | 66 | −5% | −6% | +10% | 0 / 0 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 65 | −10% | −11% | −11% | 0 / 7 |
| Isle of Man | 151 | 0% | −7% | −4% | 0 / 8 |
| Turkiye | 88 | +23% | −1% | −23% | 0 / 0 |
| United States | 45 | −10% | +2% | +16% | 0 / 0 |
- vs segment median :
- CO₂ per transport work against the median segment ship. Below 0% is better.
- vs similar-size ships :
- CO₂ per transport work of the median ship, against the median ship of the same size band in its segment (whole segment where the segment has no size bands). Below 0% is better.
- Fuel kg/nm :
- Fuel per mile of the median ship, against the median ship of its segment. Bigger ships burn more per mile, so this follows ship size.
- LNG / alt. fuel :
- Ships burning mostly LNG / ships using biofuel, methanol or similar, mostly or blended into oil.
Flags with at least 40 benchmarked ships (full-year reports with fuel and a valid figure, trimmed per segment as on the market page). Ro-pax, cruise and passenger ships count per passenger, LNG carriers and con-ro per m³, general cargo per dwt. Size bands exist for cargo segments; elsewhere the similar-size column uses the whole segment.
Flags inside each segment
The largest flags of each segment, with the KPIs of their median ship.
Container · 1,852 ships · 32% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Container | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Container medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 393 | 8.2 Mt 18% | 20.91 | +11% | +9% | 166 |
| Panama | 247 | 7.0 Mt 16% | 13.66 | −28% | 0% | 257 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 160 | 5.8 Mt 13% | 14.32 | −24% | −7% | 247 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 156 | 3.9 Mt 9% | 16.94 | −10% | +1% | 174 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 90 | 3.3 Mt 7% | 9.96 | −47% | −5% | 278 |
| Singapore | 125 | 3.1 Mt 7% | 14.49 | −23% | −10% | 193 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 160 | 2.8 Mt 6% | 35.95 | +91% | +8% | 99 |
| Marshall Islands | 68 | 2.0 Mt 4% | 19.46 | +3% | −6% | 180 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 97 | 1.4 Mt 3% | 42.53 | +125% | 0% | 88 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 49 | 1.4 Mt 3% | 14.04 | −26% | −4% | 247 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 75 | 892 kt 2% | 50.58 | +168% | +3% | 87 |
| United States | 19 | 769 kt 2% | 11.16 | −41% | 0% | 214 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 17 | 756 kt 2% | 11.74 | −38% | −1% | 240 |
| Unknown | 34 | 740 kt 2% | 25.77 | +37% | +1% | 157 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 32 | 501 kt 1% | 39.39 | +109% | +6% | 84 |
Segment median: 18.88 g CO₂/t·nm and 174 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Oil tanker · 2,007 ships · 37% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Oil tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Oil tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 427 | 4.1 Mt 20% | 8.89 | +1% | −4% | 135 |
| Liberia | 309 | 3.1 Mt 15% | 8.44 | −4% | +3% | 159 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 215 | 2.6 Mt 13% | 9.55 | +8% | +2% | 134 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 175 | 2.2 Mt 11% | 7.48 | −15% | +2% | 153 |
| Bahamas | 109 | 1.4 Mt 7% | 8.18 | −7% | +9% | 163 |
| Singapore | 172 | 1.2 Mt 6% | 8.40 | −5% | −12% | 114 |
| Panama | 96 | 802 kt 4% | 10.07 | +14% | 0% | 120 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 54 | 623 kt 3% | 27.62 | +213% | +19% | 119 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 66 | 614 kt 3% | 5.83 | −34% | −12% | 153 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 45 | 609 kt 3% | 15.87 | +80% | +14% | 128 |
| Unknown | 54 | 443 kt 2% | 12.11 | +37% | +17% | 141 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 69 | 344 kt 2% | 10.27 | +16% | −21% | 91 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 19 | 306 kt 2% | 5.71 | −35% | −20% | 136 |
| Isle of Man | 27 | 247 kt 1% | 8.51 | −4% | −5% | 135 |
| Cayman Islands | 14 | 202 kt 1% | 6.40 | −28% | −1% | 156 |
Segment median: 8.83 g CO₂/t·nm and 138 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Bulk carrier · 3,675 ships · 18% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Bulk carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Bulk carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 751 | 3.7 Mt 22% | 8.39 | 0% | 0% | 91 |
| Panama | 689 | 3.4 Mt 20% | 7.59 | −9% | −3% | 91 |
| Liberia | 560 | 2.6 Mt 15% | 8.39 | 0% | +3% | 95 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 330 | 1.7 Mt 10% | 8.72 | +4% | +1% | 89 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 330 | 1.4 Mt 8% | 8.09 | −4% | +1% | 95 |
| Singapore | 179 | 831 kt 5% | 7.38 | −12% | −6% | 91 |
| Bahamas | 125 | 645 kt 4% | 10.25 | +22% | +1% | 86 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 113 | 438 kt 3% | 9.47 | +13% | +5% | 88 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 70 | 278 kt 2% | 7.73 | −8% | +5% | 112 |
| Unknown | 61 | 239 kt 1% | 8.80 | +5% | −4% | 84 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 46 | 230 kt 1% | 8.70 | +4% | −7% | 80 |
| Isle of Man | 46 | 224 kt 1% | 7.49 | −11% | −11% | 83 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 45 | 201 kt 1% | 9.02 | +8% | +6% | 98 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 27 | 191 kt 1% | 17.74 | +112% | +22% | 68 |
| Philippines | 38 | 126 kt 1% | 8.74 | +4% | −4% | 78 |
Segment median: 8.38 g CO₂/t·nm and 91 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-pax · 404 ships · 87% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-pax | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Ro-pax medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 78 | 3.3 Mt 22% | 845.06 | +49% | +49% | 190 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 39 | 1.7 Mt 12% | 150.61 | −73% | −73% | 167 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 44 | 1.5 Mt 10% | 406.79 | −29% | −29% | 159 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 26 | 1.1 Mt 7% | 515.14 | −9% | −9% | 174 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 30 | 1.1 Mt 7% | 1,260.23 | +121% | +121% | 155 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 24 | 836 kt 6% | 460.39 | −19% | −19% | 147 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 15 | 833 kt 6% | 136.41 | −76% | −76% | 172 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 27 | 660 kt 4% | 598.23 | +5% | +5% | 69 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 21 | 643 kt 4% | 890.42 | +56% | +56% | 125 |
| Unknown | 21 | 561 kt 4% | 656.82 | +15% | +15% | 119 |
| Bahamas | 16 | 525 kt 4% | 378.73 | −33% | −33% | 146 |
| United Kingdom | 8 | 425 kt 3% | 804.42 | +41% | +41% | 214 |
| EstoniaEU/EEA | 8 | 296 kt 2% | 501.03 | −12% | −12% | 167 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 6 | 248 kt 2% | 524.07 | −8% | −8% | 154 |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 6 | 244 kt 2% | 674.71 | +19% | +19% | 141 |
Segment median: 569.03 g CO₂/pax·nm and 155 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Chemical tanker · 1,363 ships · 38% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Chemical tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Chemical tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 285 | 1.8 Mt 19% | 14.59 | −16% | −5% | 88 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 186 | 1.6 Mt 16% | 26.40 | +52% | +10% | 84 |
| Liberia | 174 | 1.2 Mt 12% | 14.71 | −15% | 0% | 92 |
| Singapore | 104 | 715 kt 7% | 14.82 | −14% | −6% | 90 |
| Panama | 83 | 502 kt 5% | 16.61 | −4% | −3% | 88 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 54 | 447 kt 5% | 14.49 | −16% | −2% | 94 |
| Cayman Islands | 50 | 402 kt 4% | 19.21 | +11% | +5% | 97 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 60 | 374 kt 4% | 12.64 | −27% | −4% | 93 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 48 | 353 kt 4% | 24.42 | +41% | +1% | 70 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 35 | 334 kt 3% | 43.31 | +150% | +26% | 101 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 23 | 220 kt 2% | 17.40 | 0% | +13% | 116 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 23 | 213 kt 2% | 29.35 | +70% | +1% | 78 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 21 | 163 kt 2% | 25.66 | +48% | −7% | 55 |
| Bahamas | 25 | 153 kt 2% | 15.19 | −12% | 0% | 87 |
| Gibraltar | 15 | 131 kt 1% | 39.06 | +125% | +17% | 91 |
Segment median: 17.32 g CO₂/t·nm and 88 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
LNG carrier · 257 ships · 22% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin LNG carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs LNG carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 55 | 2.1 Mt 26% | 11.24 | +3% | +3% | 354 |
| Bahamas | 47 | 1.6 Mt 20% | 11.04 | +1% | +1% | 332 |
| Bermuda | 38 | 891 kt 11% | 10.15 | −7% | −7% | 293 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 13 | 475 kt 6% | 11.41 | +5% | +5% | 258 |
| Unknown | 11 | 407 kt 5% | 10.29 | −5% | −5% | 345 |
| Singapore | 11 | 337 kt 4% | 10.50 | −3% | −3% | 268 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 6 | 322 kt 4% | 11.60 | +7% | +7% | 356 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 18 | 290 kt 4% | 9.79 | −10% | −10% | 271 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 7 | 263 kt 3% | 9.35 | −14% | −14% | 281 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 6 | 228 kt 3% | 8.81 | −19% | −19% | 275 |
| Isle of Man | 8 | 223 kt 3% | 22.37 | +106% | +106% | 323 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 7 | 200 kt 2% | 9.32 | −14% | −14% | 306 |
| Panama | 9 | 188 kt 2% | 9.95 | −8% | −8% | 233 |
| Liberia | 7 | 170 kt 2% | 24.66 | +127% | +127% | 319 |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 4 | 81 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 10.87 g CO₂/m³·nm and 308 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Passenger · 179 ships · 46% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Passenger | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Passenger medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 50 | 1.5 Mt 21% | 1,037.93 | +76% | +76% | 210 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 32 | 1.4 Mt 20% | 576.40 | −2% | −2% | 283 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 26 | 1.3 Mt 18% | 362.73 | −38% | −38% | 317 |
| Bermuda | 17 | 942 kt 13% | 530.62 | −10% | −10% | 365 |
| Panama | 14 | 836 kt 12% | 432.56 | −27% | −27% | 355 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 208 kt 3% | 625.84 | +6% | +6% | 265 |
| United Kingdom | 2 | 181 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 6 | 180 kt 3% | 932.09 | +58% | +58% | 244 |
| Unknown | 7 | 178 kt 3% | 1,165.06 | +98% | +98% | 253 |
| Marshall Islands | 6 | 161 kt 2% | 852.88 | +45% | +45% | 219 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 4 | 43 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| FranceEU/EEA | 6 | 39 kt 1% | 1,574.76 | +167% | +167% | 79 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 1 | 26 kt 0% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 1 | 11 kt 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 589.20 g CO₂/pax·nm and 277 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
General cargo · 1,247 ships · 45% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin General cargo | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (dwt)g/dwt·nm, median ship | vs General cargo medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 214 | 1.6 Mt 23% | 23.80 | −5% | −5% | 52 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 183 | 977 kt 15% | 33.05 | +32% | +32% | 59 |
| Liberia | 87 | 393 kt 6% | 23.80 | −5% | −5% | 62 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 60 | 387 kt 6% | 29.12 | +17% | +17% | 53 |
| Marshall Islands | 63 | 370 kt 5% | 18.36 | −26% | −26% | 81 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 68 | 338 kt 5% | 9.40 | −62% | −62% | 84 |
| Unknown | 80 | 317 kt 5% | 30.14 | +21% | +21% | 49 |
| Panama | 86 | 314 kt 5% | 24.20 | −3% | −3% | 49 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 76 | 294 kt 4% | 25.19 | +1% | +1% | 43 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 34 | 207 kt 3% | 16.37 | −34% | −34% | 89 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 27 | 205 kt 3% | 24.84 | −1% | −1% | 54 |
| Bahamas | 37 | 196 kt 3% | 14.25 | −43% | −43% | 89 |
| Singapore | 22 | 188 kt 3% | 20.21 | −19% | −19% | 78 |
| China | 20 | 115 kt 2% | 8.99 | −64% | −64% | 83 |
| Isle of Man | 22 | 112 kt 2% | 19.14 | −23% | −23% | 56 |
Segment median: 24.96 g CO₂/dwt·nm and 58 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-ro · 277 ships · 68% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Ro-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 37 | 977 kt 16% | 81.94 | −10% | −4% | 111 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 39 | 891 kt 14% | 96.93 | +7% | −6% | 102 |
| Turkiye | 19 | 700 kt 11% | 79.55 | −12% | +8% | 121 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 19 | 592 kt 10% | 121.22 | +33% | +9% | 117 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 15 | 536 kt 9% | 99.05 | +9% | +17% | 143 |
| United Kingdom | 9 | 243 kt 4% | 135.50 | +49% | +9% | 112 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 9 | 233 kt 4% | 48.13 | −47% | −13% | 82 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 7 | 209 kt 3% | 232.53 | +156% | +55% | 112 |
| Panama | 16 | 190 kt 3% | 52.57 | −42% | −10% | 112 |
| Isle of Man | 9 | 183 kt 3% | 167.11 | +84% | +11% | 104 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 7 | 164 kt 3% | 213.26 | +135% | +3% | 112 |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 6 | 149 kt 2% | 80.45 | −11% | −5% | 100 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 7 | 129 kt 2% | 351.20 | +286% | +58% | 92 |
| Bahamas | 6 | 116 kt 2% | 171.22 | +88% | −28% | 79 |
| South Korea | 7 | 103 kt 2% | 51.97 | −43% | −2% | 122 |
Segment median: 90.89 g CO₂/t·nm and 107 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Vehicle carrier · 435 ships · 26% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Vehicle carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Vehicle carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panama | 127 | 1.2 Mt 25% | 58.47 | −1% | −3% | 101 |
| Bahamas | 60 | 713 kt 15% | 63.48 | +8% | +8% | 112 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 46 | 444 kt 9% | 59.05 | 0% | +5% | 115 |
| Singapore | 29 | 351 kt 7% | 70.78 | +20% | +1% | 100 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 24 | 336 kt 7% | 59.46 | +1% | −3% | 110 |
| Marshall Islands | 33 | 298 kt 6% | 53.43 | −9% | 0% | 110 |
| Japan | 28 | 271 kt 6% | 52.71 | −11% | −6% | 102 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 9 | 190 kt 4% | 159.54 | +171% | +29% | 87 |
| United States | 12 | 185 kt 4% | 59.88 | +2% | +8% | 117 |
| Liberia | 14 | 144 kt 3% | 55.28 | −6% | −19% | 91 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 8 | 117 kt 2% | 46.48 | −21% | +4% | 125 |
| South Korea | 8 | 101 kt 2% | 63.63 | +8% | +20% | 124 |
| Cayman Islands | 9 | 75 kt 2% | 55.39 | −6% | −9% | 90 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 4 | 68 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 3 | 61 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 58.95 g CO₂/t·nm and 104 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Gas carrier (LPG) · 343 ships · 36% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Gas carrier (LPG) | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Gas carrier (LPG) medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 61 | 727 kt 24% | 43.39 | −5% | +10% | 94 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 32 | 308 kt 10% | 36.84 | −20% | −12% | 84 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 20 | 274 kt 9% | 26.88 | −41% | −11% | 122 |
| Singapore | 50 | 269 kt 9% | 73.40 | +60% | −6% | 72 |
| Bahamas | 18 | 198 kt 7% | 18.04 | −61% | +3% | 129 |
| Panama | 30 | 192 kt 6% | 61.61 | +34% | +14% | 110 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 15 | 165 kt 5% | 52.06 | +14% | +1% | 77 |
| Isle of Man | 20 | 142 kt 5% | 70.53 | +54% | −7% | 103 |
| Marshall Islands | 25 | 136 kt 4% | 31.82 | −31% | −9% | 99 |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 14 | 126 kt 4% | 30.54 | −33% | +1% | 105 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 11 | 111 kt 4% | 144.69 | +216% | +14% | 80 |
| Algeria | 7 | 83 kt 3% | 39.96 | −13% | +51% | 124 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 8 | 75 kt 2% | 132.89 | +190% | +12% | 78 |
| Unknown | 7 | 62 kt 2% | 24.69 | −46% | −19% | 96 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 9 | 54 kt 2% | 42.11 | −8% | −5% | 98 |
Segment median: 45.85 g CO₂/t·nm and 91 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Reefer · 152 ships · 18% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Reefer | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Reefer medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 40 | 539 kt 31% | 53.50 | −15% | −3% | 89 |
| Bahamas | 57 | 528 kt 31% | 61.27 | −2% | −8% | 81 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 4 | 157 kt 9% | – | – | – | – |
| Panama | 14 | 152 kt 9% | 60.36 | −4% | +9% | 95 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 3 | 83 kt 5% | – | – | – | – |
| Singapore | 7 | 80 kt 5% | 72.83 | +16% | +37% | 121 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 5 | 63 kt 4% | 67.08 | +7% | −21% | 55 |
| Marshall Islands | 4 | 22 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 2 | 20 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Russia | 3 | 19 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Curacao | 2 | 14 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 5 | 14 kt 1% | 179.57 | +187% | +48% | 80 |
| Barbados | 1 | 10 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| SpainEU/EEA | 1 | 7,048 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Faroe Islands | 2 | 3,114 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 62.58 g CO₂/t·nm and 88 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Con-ro · 76 ships · 72% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Con-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs Con-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 36 | 707 kt 46% | 8.70 | −9% | −9% | 134 |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 186 kt 12% | 5.40 | −44% | −44% | 182 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 8 | 176 kt 11% | 26.46 | +176% | +176% | 103 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 4 | 88 kt 6% | – | – | – | – |
| Gibraltar | 4 | 72 kt 5% | – | – | – | – |
| Panama | 2 | 64 kt 4% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 2 | 60 kt 4% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 3 | 39 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| Saudi Arabia | 6 | 38 kt 2% | 34.58 | +261% | +261% | 78 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 2 | 38 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 1 | 29 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 1 | 18 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1 | 10 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| FranceEU/EEA | 1 | 10 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 9.58 g CO₂/m³·nm and 127 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Combination · 11 ships · 53% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Combination | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Combination medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 2 | 33 kt 29% | – | – | – | – |
| Bahamas | 1 | 25 kt 22% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 3 | 24 kt 21% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 3 | 17 kt 15% | – | – | – | – |
| Liberia | 1 | 11 kt 10% | – | – | – | – |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1 | 2,572 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 67.09 g CO₂/t·nm and 89 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
How the flag is estimated
The port of registry is typed by each company, so one port appears in many forms ("Monrovia", "MONRAVIA", "Monrovia, Liberia"). Navalyze matches 517 spellings in 2019 to 80 flags. 928 reports leave the port blank; 771 of them take the flag the same ship (IMO number) has in its nearest other reporting year, and the rest stay unknown. 174 ports could not be matched.
The estimate cannot tell second registers apart: NIS and NOR are both Norway, DIS and DAS both Denmark, and the Madeira register is Portugal. A ship that changed flag during the year shows the port named in its report. Some ports could mean two flags; the choices made are:
- Hamilton taken as Bermuda (90 ships under Bermuda)
- George Town / Georgetown taken as Cayman (96 ships under Cayman Islands)
- Leirvik taken as Faroe (operators are Faroese) (18 ships under Faroe Islands)
- NIS and NOR registers both shown as Norway (287 ships under Norway)
- DIS and DAS both shown as Denmark (266 ships under Denmark)
- Mata-Utu (Wallis and Futuna), French register (81 ships under France)
- Tripoli taken as Libya (operator is Libyan) (6 ships under Libya)
- Portsmouth taken as Dominica (low confidence) (2 ships under Dominica)
Not matched: Varna (GEROITE NA ODESSA), Varna (GEROITE NA SEVASTOPOL), Slite (SUNNANVIK), Kalundborg (URD), Fishguard (STENA EUROPE), Karlskrona (STENA VISION), Varna (PATRA 3), Varna (STEVIA), Bolshoy port of St.Petersburg (NOVIY SVET), Arkhangelsk (IOHANN MAHMASTAL), Sassnitz (SASSNITZ), Arkhangelsk (RZK CONSTANTA), Finstrom (LINK STAR), Arkhangelsk (TIKSY), Bolshoy port os St.-Petersburg (FRIO MURMANSK), Sankt-Petersburg (FRIO ARKHANGELSK), Taganrog (VOLZHSKIY 45), Pireus (IRINI), Temryuk (PERESVET), Taganrog (VICTOR MARTYNENKO), Arkhangelsk (TAMBEY), Kaliningrad (RUNAWAY BAY), Guaymas (RIO BALSAS), Glasgow (CALEDONIAN ISLES), Glasgow (ISLE OF LEWIS), Manjuro (MANOLIS P), MOLDOVA (MARAKI), Varna (SAKAR), AVATU (ALLIANCE), Varna (VARNA), Piikkio (LAURA), Piikkio (HJORDIS), Piikkio (MARJATTA), Skärhamn (BALTIC BRIGHT), Guaymas (PANAMAX ENERGY), Glasgow (CLANSMAN), Bolshoy Port of St. Petersburg (ICE EAGLE), St Petersburg (ADLER), Bogense (LAUST MAERSK), Aabenraa (NORA MAERSK), Liamassol (EMS HIGHWAY), Belfast (STENA SUPERFAST VII), Belfast (STENA SUPERFAST VIII), Amsterda, (SLUISGRACHT), Road Harbour (TRAMPER), MOLDOVA (DISCOVER), Tarawa (ADAMASTOS), Glasgow (HEBRIDES), Luebeck (NILS HOLGERSSON), BATUMI (NANAC).
Totals count each ship once a year: a part-year report of a ship that also has a full-year report is left out, as on every other page. The flag also shows on each ship page.