Navalyze · Methodology
How the figures are made
Every figure on Navalyze comes from the EMSA THETIS-MRV public emission reports, the annual file the European Maritime Safety Agency publishes for each reporting year. Ships over 5,000 GT calling at EU and EEA ports, and from 2025 also general cargo ships of 400 to 5,000 GT and offshore ships from 400 GT, report their fuel and emissions under the EU MRV Regulation, and accredited verifiers check each report. We download each year's latest version automatically and check weekly for updates.
Columns used
Every figure on the site comes from a column of EMSA's Excel file. The letters under each year are the Excel column letters in that year's "Full ERs" sheet, so you can open the file and find the same numbers: for example, fuel per distance is column BU in the 2025 file and column AH in 2023. EMSA moves columns between years, so we find each one by its header text.
| Excel column in each year's file | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Figure | Header in the file | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | How it is used |
| Ship type | Ship type | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | Sets the segment, e.g. Container ship → Container. |
| ISM company IMO | IMO Number | I | I | – | – | – | – | – | – | The DoC holder. Published from the 2024 reporting period only. |
| ISM company name | Name | J | J | – | – | – | – | – | – | Rolled up into company groups (see below). |
| Total fuel | Total fuel consumption [m tonnes] | X | X | W | W | W | W | W | W | Fuel burned, all fuels, tonnes. |
| Fuel on laden voyages | Fuel consumptions assigned to On laden [m tonnes] | Z | Z | X | X | X | X | X | X | Share of fuel burned laden; the rest is ballast or unladen. |
| Fuel per distance | Fuel consumption per distance [kg / n mile] | BU | BU | AH | AH | AH | AH | AH | AH | kg fuel per nautical mile. The ship's main fuel KPI. |
| Fuel per time at sea | Fuel consumption per time spent at sea [m tonnes / hour] | CG | CG | – | – | – | – | – | – | Tonnes of fuel per hour at sea. |
| Total CO₂ | Total CO₂ emissions [m tonnes] | AC | AC | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | CO₂ emitted, tonnes. Basis of every CO₂ total on the site. |
| CO₂ between EU ports | CO₂ emissions from all voyages between ports under a MS jurisdiction [m tonnes] | AD | AD | Z | Z | Z | Z | Z | Z | Voyage split; counts 100% under the ETS. |
| CO₂ on voyages from the EU | CO₂ emissions from all voyages which departed from ports under a MS jurisdiction [m tonnes] | AE | AE | AA | AA | AA | AA | AA | AA | Voyage split; counts 50%. |
| CO₂ on voyages to the EU | CO₂ emissions from all voyages to ports under a MS jurisdiction [m tonnes] | AF | AF | AB | AB | AB | AB | AB | AB | Voyage split; counts 50%. |
| CO₂ at berth | CO₂ emissions which occurred within ports under a MS jurisdiction at berth [m tonnes] | AG | AG | AC | AC | AC | AC | AC | AC | Share of CO₂ emitted alongside in EU ports; counts 100%. |
| CO₂ under the EU ETS | CO2 emissions to be reported under Directive 2003/87/EC [m tonnes] | AL | AL | – | – | – | – | – | – | Emissions in scope of the ETS (from 2024). Allowances are a share of this. |
| Total CH₄ | Total CH₄ emissions [m tonnes] | AM | AM | – | – | – | – | – | – | Methane, mostly slip from LNG engines. |
| Total N₂O | Total N₂O emissions [m tonnes] | AW | AW | – | – | – | – | – | – | Nitrous oxide. |
| Total CO₂eq | Total CO₂eq emissions [m tonnes] | BG | BG | – | – | – | – | – | – | CO₂ plus methane and N₂O. Used for the 2026 ETS rules. |
| CO₂eq under the EU ETS | CO₂eq emissions to be reported under Directive 2003/87/EC [m tonnes] | BP | BP | – | – | – | – | – | – | ETS scope including CH₄ and N₂O, from 2026. |
| Time at sea | Time spent at sea [hours] | BS | BS | AG | AG | AG | AG | AG | AG | Hours. Divides distance into average speed. |
| CO₂ per distance | CO₂ emissions per distance [kg CO₂ / n mile] | CH | CH | AN | AN | AN | AN | AN | AN | kg CO₂ per nautical mile. Gives distance sailed (total CO₂ ÷ this). |
| CO₂ per transport work (mass) | CO₂ emissions per transport work (mass) [g CO₂ / m tonnes · n miles] | CJ | CJ | AO | AO | AO | AO | AO | AO | g CO₂ per tonne-mile. Benchmark for cargo ships: CO₂ per transport work (cargo). |
| CO₂ per transport work (pax) | CO₂ emissions per transport work (pax) [g CO₂ / pax · n miles] | CP | CP | AR | AR | AR | AR | AR | AR | g CO₂ per passenger-mile. Benchmark for Ro-pax, cruise and passenger ships. |
| CO₂ per transport work (volume) | CO₂ emissions per transport work (volume) [g CO₂ / m³ · n miles] | CL | CL | AP | AP | AP | AP | AP | AP | g CO₂ per m³-mile. Benchmark for LNG carriers and Con-ro. |
| CO₂ per transport work (dwt) | CO₂ emissions per transport work (dwt) [g CO₂ / dwt carried · n miles] | CN | CN | AQ | AQ | AQ | AQ | AQ | AQ | g CO₂ per dwt-mile. Benchmark for general cargo ships. |
| Technical efficiency | Technical efficiency | E | E | E | E | E | E | E | E | EEDI, EEXI or EIV value as published. |
| Verifier name | Verifier Name | M | M | L | L | L | L | L | L | Rolled up to brand, e.g. Hellenic Lloyd's → Lloyd's Register. |
| Monitoring method A | A | S | S | R | R | R | R | R | R | Bunker delivery notes. |
| Monitoring method B | B | T | T | S | S | S | S | S | S | Bunker fuel tank monitoring. |
| Monitoring method C | C | U | U | T | T | T | T | T | T | Flow meters. |
| Monitoring method D | D | V | V | U | U | U | U | U | U | Direct emissions measurement. |
A dash means that year's file has no such column; company and ETS columns start with 2024.
CO₂ per transport work and fair comparison
Each segment is benchmarked on the CO₂ per transport work its public reports carry: CO₂ per tonne-mile for cargo ships, per passenger-mile for Ro-pax, cruise and passenger ships, per m³-mile for LNG carriers and Con-ro, and per dwt-mile for general cargo.
Benchmark population. Only full-year reports with fuel burned and a usable CO₂ per transport work are benchmarked. Per segment, ships above the 99th percentile and below half the 1st percentile are left out as likely reporting errors; a plain 1st-percentile cut would drop the best LNG-fuelled ships.
Size bands. Bigger ships carry more per mile, so a ship is compared with ships of its type and size. Size is the average cargo carried, derived as CO₂ per mile ÷ CO₂ per tonne-mile. Container ships use fixed bands (<10k, 10–30k, 30–60k, 60–100k, >100k t); other cargo segments with at least 50 ships use five equal-count bands. "vs peers" is the ship's CO₂ per transport work divided by the median of its band; 1.2× means 20% more CO₂ per unit of transport work.
We do not call this "intensity": under FuelEU Maritime that word means well-to-wake GHG intensity per MJ of energy, which depends on the fuel types. The public file has no fuel types, so FuelEU figures cannot be computed from it; they will come with the THETIS XML upload.
Rank. "Top 25%" means a quarter of the segment's benchmarked ships that year had the same or a lower CO₂ per transport work.
Operators. Company and group CO₂ per transport work is the median of their benchmarked ships; fuel per mile and speed are ratios of totals, so bigger ships weigh more.
Derived figures
THETIS has no distance, speed or port-time column. Distance is total CO₂ ÷ CO₂ per mile; speed is distance ÷ hours at sea; fuel per mile is fuel ÷ distance. Time in port is not published, so the site shows the share of CO₂ emitted at berth instead.
Ship pages set each ship against its whole segment that year (all Ro-ro ships, all bulk carriers and so on): the segment median, the spread of the middle 50% and 80% of ships, and the ship's rank, for fuel per mile, speed and CO₂ per transport work. The performance gap on a ship page uses the segment median. The year-on-year reading compares the change in fuel per mile with what the change in speed alone would give, taking fuel per mile to rise with the square of speed.
LNG. Burning a tonne of oil fuel gives about 3.1–3.2 t CO₂, a tonne of LNG about 2.75 t. A ship whose CO₂-to-fuel ratio puts more than half its fuel on LNG is marked as burning LNG.
EU ETS and costs
Shipping entered the EU Emissions Trading System in 2024. Allowances to surrender are 40% of the "CO₂ under the EU ETS" column for 2024 and 70% for 2025. The "2026 rules" figure applies the full regime to the same year: 100% of emissions, measured as CO₂eq including methane and N₂O. Offshore ships enter the ETS in 2027 and carry no allowance cost here.
Euro figures multiply allowances by the EUA price set with the slider (default €75 per tonne). The performance gap is the allowances a ship would save if its CO₂ per transport work were at its size-band median, counted only for ships above the median.
Companies, groups and years
The public files name the ISM company (DoC holder) from the 2024 reporting period on. Earlier years are shown ship by ship and are never attributed to today's company: a ship's 2021 emissions belong to the ship, not to whoever manages it now.
Groups combine the ISM companies of one parent, matched on name similarity and known ownership (for example the CMA CGM entities). A company that matches no group stands on its own. If a company is in the wrong group, tell us at info@navalyze.com.
Verifier names differ by entity and year, so they are rolled up to the brand a reader knows (for example RINA Services and RINA Hellas become RINA).