Navalyze · Flags
Flags of ships reporting to EU MRV, 2020
THETIS-MRV has no flag column, but every report names the ship's port of registry, and each port belongs to one flag state (Monrovia to Liberia, Majuro to the Marshall Islands). Navalyze reads the 527 ways the port is written in 2020 and assigns 80 flags. These are estimates, not official flag data; see how the flag is estimated.
The year at a glance
Largest flags
The 25 flags with most CO₂ in 2020. Bars show emissions; "EU" marks EU/EEA flags.
- Liberia15.8 Mt
- Panama13.9 Mt
- Marshall Islands13.5 Mt
- Malta · EU11.1 Mt
- Hong Kong (China)8.1 Mt
- Italy · EU6.2 Mt
- Bahamas6.2 Mt
- Singapore6.2 Mt
- Denmark · EU5.2 Mt
- Portugal · EU4.8 Mt
- Greece · EU4.4 Mt
- Cyprus · EU3.9 Mt
- Netherlands · EU3.0 Mt
- Norway · EU3.0 Mt
- Antigua and Barbuda2.0 Mt
- Bermuda2.0 Mt
- France · EU1.9 Mt
- Finland · EU1.7 Mt
- Germany · EU1.6 Mt
- Sweden · EU1.2 Mt
- Spain · EU1.2 Mt
- Isle of Man1.1 Mt
- Turkiye929 kt
- United States928 kt
- United Kingdom891 kt
Show as table, with ships, fuel and EU ETS
| Flag | Ships | CO₂ | Fuel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 1,661 | 15.8 Mt 12% | 5.1 Mt |
| Panama | 1,419 | 13.9 Mt 11% | 4.4 Mt |
| Marshall Islands | 1,723 | 13.5 Mt 10% | 4.3 Mt |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,027 | 11.1 Mt 9% | 3.5 Mt |
| Hong Kong (China) | 687 | 8.1 Mt 6% | 2.6 Mt |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 303 | 6.2 Mt 5% | 2.0 Mt |
| Bahamas | 499 | 6.2 Mt 5% | 2.0 Mt |
| Singapore | 650 | 6.2 Mt 5% | 2.0 Mt |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 273 | 5.2 Mt 4% | 1.7 Mt |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 367 | 4.8 Mt 4% | 1.5 Mt |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 318 | 4.4 Mt 3% | 1.4 Mt |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 315 | 3.9 Mt 3% | 1.3 Mt |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 316 | 3.0 Mt 2% | 958 kt |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 288 | 3.0 Mt 2% | 955 kt |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 288 | 2.0 Mt 2% | 646 kt |
| Bermuda | 89 | 2.0 Mt 2% | 698 kt |
| FranceEU/EEA | 90 | 1.9 Mt 1% | 621 kt |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 62 | 1.7 Mt 1% | 546 kt |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 82 | 1.6 Mt 1% | 504 kt |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 68 | 1.2 Mt 1% | 396 kt |
| SpainEU/EEA | 58 | 1.2 Mt 1% | 399 kt |
| Isle of Man | 132 | 1.1 Mt 1% | 344 kt |
| Turkiye | 88 | 929 kt 1% | 297 kt |
| United States | 44 | 928 kt 1% | 297 kt |
| United Kingdom | 62 | 891 kt 1% | 284 kt |
| Other flags (55) | 915 | 6.4 Mt 5% | 2.1 Mt |
| Unknown | 294 | 2.6 Mt 2% | 820 kt |
Flags over time
CO₂ of the six largest flags of the latest year, in every reporting year. Blank ports are filled from the same ship's other years.
- Liberia
- Marshall Islands
- Malta
- Panama
- Singapore
- Portugal
EU/EEA flags' share of all CO₂: 2018 40% · 2019 40% · 2020 39% · 2021 42% · 2022 40% · 2023 41% · 2024 39% · 2025 40%
EU/EEA and other flags
EU/EEA means the 27 EU member states, Norway and Iceland. Overseas registers with their own flag, such as the Faroe Islands, Isle of Man, Gibraltar and Bermuda, count as other flags.
| Flags | Shipsreporting | CO₂emitted, total | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU/EEA flags | 3,695 | 50.9 Mt 39% | +8% | +2% |
| Other flags | 8,129 | 76.3 Mt 59% | −3% | −1% |
| Unknown flag | 294 | 2.6 Mt 2% | – | – |
Flag mix of each segment
Share of each segment's CO₂ under the 10 largest flags, and under all EU/EEA flags together. Each row adds up to 100% across all flags.
| Segment | Liberia | Panama | Marshall Islands | Malta | Hong Kong (China) | Italy | Bahamas | Singapore | Denmark | Portugal | All EU/EEA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Container | 18% | 18% | 4% | 9% | 12% | · | · | 7% | 7% | 8% | 32% |
| Oil tanker | 16% | 4% | 22% | 11% | 3% | 3% | 7% | 6% | 2% | 2% | 34% |
| Bulk carrier | 14% | 20% | 22% | 8% | 9% | · | 4% | 5% | · | 2% | 16% |
| Ro-pax | · | · | · | · | · | 25% | 4% | · | 4% | · | 88% |
| Chemical tanker | 13% | 6% | 19% | 15% | 3% | 3% | 1% | 7% | 5% | 3% | 40% |
| LNG carrier | 4% | 2% | 21% | 4% | 5% | · | 21% | 3% | · | · | 23% |
| General cargo | 6% | 5% | 5% | 4% | 5% | · | 2% | 2% | · | 6% | 49% |
| Ro-ro | · | · | · | 16% | · | 13% | 2% | · | 11% | · | 72% |
| Vehicle carrier | 5% | 24% | 7% | 10% | · | 7% | 12% | 5% | · | 3% | 31% |
| Gas carrier (LPG) | 18% | 5% | 5% | 13% | 2% | · | 7% | 9% | 6% | · | 39% |
| Reefer | 23% | 9% | 2% | · | · | 8% | 43% | 8% | · | · | 11% |
| Con-ro | · | · | · | 18% | · | 52% | · | · | · | 3% | 93% |
| Passenger | · | 12% | 1% | 24% | · | 39% | 6% | · | · | 1% | 75% |
Flags beyond the largest fifteen of a segment are counted in the EU/EEA total but not shown in their own column.
How each flag's ships compare
Each ship is set against the median ship of its own segment, on the platform's KPIs; the figure shown is the median of those differences for the flag's ships. Within a segment, bigger ships burn more fuel per mile but less CO₂ per tonne carried, so a flag with smaller ships looks higher on CO₂ per transport work for reasons of size. The similar-size column compares each ship only with ships of its own size band.
| Flag | Shipsbenchmarked | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmvs segment median | LNG / alt. fuelships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 1,488 | −2% | +2% | +4% | 0 / 18 |
| Panama | 1,347 | −11% | −3% | +1% | 0 / 8 |
| Marshall Islands | 1,662 | −5% | −2% | +2% | 0 / 26 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 967 | +10% | +1% | −5% | 0 / 20 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 630 | −14% | −5% | +8% | 0 / 9 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 293 | +27% | +8% | +4% | 0 / 2 |
| Bahamas | 483 | +3% | +6% | +10% | 0 / 40 |
| Singapore | 624 | −8% | −6% | −4% | 0 / 10 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 267 | −3% | −6% | −1% | 0 / 15 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 348 | +32% | +8% | −18% | 0 / 1 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 300 | −16% | +1% | +15% | 0 / 17 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 277 | +41% | +3% | −9% | 0 / 14 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 304 | +3% | −2% | −13% | 0 / 7 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 282 | −6% | 0% | +4% | 0 / 20 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 280 | +54% | +17% | −11% | 0 / 0 |
| Bermuda | 83 | −1% | −3% | −3% | 0 / 40 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 84 | +29% | +22% | +7% | 0 / 3 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 61 | +10% | +4% | +1% | 0 / 3 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 80 | +46% | +1% | +2% | 0 / 0 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 66 | +22% | 0% | −11% | 0 / 10 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 53 | +52% | +39% | −2% | 0 / 10 |
| Isle of Man | 129 | +7% | −5% | −2% | 0 / 8 |
| Turkiye | 86 | +31% | +2% | −28% | 0 / 0 |
| United States | 41 | +1% | −3% | +8% | 0 / 0 |
| United Kingdom | 56 | +7% | +18% | +14% | 0 / 0 |
- vs segment median :
- CO₂ per transport work against the median segment ship. Below 0% is better.
- vs similar-size ships :
- CO₂ per transport work of the median ship, against the median ship of the same size band in its segment (whole segment where the segment has no size bands). Below 0% is better.
- Fuel kg/nm :
- Fuel per mile of the median ship, against the median ship of its segment. Bigger ships burn more per mile, so this follows ship size.
- LNG / alt. fuel :
- Ships burning mostly LNG / ships using biofuel, methanol or similar, mostly or blended into oil.
Flags with at least 40 benchmarked ships (full-year reports with fuel and a valid figure, trimmed per segment as on the market page). Ro-pax, cruise and passenger ships count per passenger, LNG carriers and con-ro per m³, general cargo per dwt. Size bands exist for cargo segments; elsewhere the similar-size column uses the whole segment.
Flags inside each segment
The largest flags of each segment, with the KPIs of their median ship.
Container · 1,859 ships · 32% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Container | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Container medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panama | 247 | 7.7 Mt 18% | 12.99 | −26% | +3% | 264 |
| Liberia | 396 | 7.4 Mt 18% | 20.28 | +15% | +5% | 162 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 154 | 5.1 Mt 12% | 13.54 | −23% | −6% | 226 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 166 | 3.8 Mt 9% | 13.91 | −21% | −2% | 213 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 174 | 3.2 Mt 8% | 30.60 | +74% | +12% | 99 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 87 | 2.9 Mt 7% | 8.98 | −49% | −8% | 295 |
| Singapore | 129 | 2.8 Mt 7% | 14.71 | −16% | −8% | 187 |
| Marshall Islands | 78 | 1.8 Mt 4% | 15.84 | −10% | −8% | 186 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 89 | 1.2 Mt 3% | 41.01 | +133% | −6% | 87 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 45 | 1.0 Mt 2% | 13.18 | −25% | −1% | 243 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 68 | 720 kt 2% | 46.98 | +167% | +1% | 88 |
| United States | 19 | 702 kt 2% | 11.71 | −33% | −6% | 205 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 20 | 641 kt 2% | 13.70 | −22% | −7% | 169 |
| Unknown | 30 | 508 kt 1% | 14.72 | −16% | −4% | 182 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 26 | 372 kt 1% | 49.73 | +183% | +13% | 81 |
Segment median: 17.58 g CO₂/t·nm and 172 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Oil tanker · 1,936 ships · 34% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Oil tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Oil tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 441 | 4.1 Mt 22% | 8.93 | −1% | −5% | 131 |
| Liberia | 288 | 3.1 Mt 16% | 7.62 | −16% | +2% | 154 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 204 | 2.0 Mt 11% | 9.36 | +4% | −1% | 129 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 162 | 1.9 Mt 10% | 7.50 | −17% | +3% | 152 |
| Bahamas | 112 | 1.2 Mt 7% | 9.15 | +1% | +10% | 153 |
| Singapore | 145 | 1.1 Mt 6% | 8.88 | −2% | −15% | 108 |
| Panama | 87 | 762 kt 4% | 9.22 | +2% | +1% | 120 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 54 | 709 kt 4% | 12.77 | +41% | +8% | 138 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 54 | 532 kt 3% | 6.13 | −32% | −6% | 135 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 49 | 502 kt 3% | 26.30 | +191% | +26% | 115 |
| Unknown | 42 | 414 kt 2% | 11.06 | +23% | +19% | 153 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 58 | 332 kt 2% | 11.45 | +27% | −16% | 88 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 21 | 312 kt 2% | 7.03 | −22% | −6% | 134 |
| Isle of Man | 33 | 284 kt 2% | 11.78 | +30% | +11% | 141 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 12 | 171 kt 1% | 22.30 | +147% | −7% | 110 |
Segment median: 9.03 g CO₂/t·nm and 134 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Bulk carrier · 3,506 ships · 16% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Bulk carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Bulk carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 718 | 3.3 Mt 22% | 8.51 | +3% | +1% | 88 |
| Panama | 670 | 2.9 Mt 20% | 7.37 | −11% | −3% | 86 |
| Liberia | 551 | 2.2 Mt 14% | 8.30 | +1% | +3% | 91 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 339 | 1.4 Mt 9% | 8.05 | −2% | −1% | 88 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 276 | 1.1 Mt 8% | 9.27 | +13% | +3% | 80 |
| Singapore | 171 | 676 kt 5% | 7.29 | −11% | −4% | 86 |
| Bahamas | 108 | 583 kt 4% | 9.44 | +15% | +6% | 84 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 91 | 389 kt 3% | 8.57 | +4% | +2% | 88 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 65 | 277 kt 2% | 7.23 | −12% | +6% | 110 |
| Unknown | 55 | 270 kt 2% | 8.69 | +5% | +4% | 86 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 47 | 256 kt 2% | 8.06 | −2% | −6% | 74 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 22 | 206 kt 1% | 19.07 | +131% | +32% | 80 |
| Isle of Man | 34 | 179 kt 1% | 6.80 | −18% | −8% | 84 |
| Philippines | 36 | 169 kt 1% | 8.14 | −1% | −12% | 77 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 34 | 146 kt 1% | 7.45 | −10% | +2% | 90 |
Segment median: 8.24 g CO₂/t·nm and 87 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-pax · 399 ships · 88% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-pax | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Ro-pax medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 78 | 3.0 Mt 25% | 1,197.39 | +60% | +60% | 192 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 40 | 1.4 Mt 11% | 179.97 | −76% | −76% | 173 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 48 | 1.3 Mt 10% | 684.61 | −9% | −9% | 148 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 28 | 839 kt 7% | 774.47 | +3% | +3% | 198 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 30 | 788 kt 6% | 1,322.04 | +76% | +76% | 154 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 15 | 749 kt 6% | 116.35 | −84% | −84% | 173 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 24 | 710 kt 6% | 753.88 | 0% | 0% | 165 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 21 | 540 kt 4% | 1,072.65 | +43% | +43% | 121 |
| Bahamas | 17 | 449 kt 4% | 1,101.36 | +47% | +47% | 152 |
| Unknown | 18 | 445 kt 4% | 1,117.91 | +49% | +49% | 107 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 21 | 376 kt 3% | 1,016.00 | +35% | +35% | 74 |
| United Kingdom | 6 | 287 kt 2% | 1,191.87 | +59% | +59% | 199 |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 6 | 248 kt 2% | 849.13 | +13% | +13% | 142 |
| EstoniaEU/EEA | 8 | 235 kt 2% | 747.14 | −1% | −1% | 187 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 6 | 234 kt 2% | 853.47 | +14% | +14% | 169 |
Segment median: 750.91 g CO₂/pax·nm and 157 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Chemical tanker · 1,355 ships · 40% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Chemical tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Chemical tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 293 | 1.7 Mt 19% | 13.25 | −18% | −5% | 86 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 165 | 1.4 Mt 15% | 26.44 | +64% | +8% | 83 |
| Liberia | 179 | 1.2 Mt 13% | 14.26 | −12% | −2% | 88 |
| Singapore | 95 | 625 kt 7% | 14.62 | −10% | −5% | 86 |
| Panama | 106 | 535 kt 6% | 15.68 | −3% | −11% | 79 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 56 | 472 kt 5% | 23.97 | +48% | −6% | 74 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 59 | 448 kt 5% | 13.33 | −18% | +4% | 94 |
| Cayman Islands | 50 | 360 kt 4% | 14.85 | −8% | +7% | 102 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 35 | 308 kt 3% | 33.58 | +108% | +27% | 93 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 29 | 287 kt 3% | 25.27 | +56% | +7% | 79 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 51 | 276 kt 3% | 11.34 | −30% | −8% | 92 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 19 | 163 kt 2% | 29.14 | +80% | −9% | 56 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 18 | 153 kt 2% | 17.64 | +9% | +19% | 108 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 12 | 109 kt 1% | 25.97 | +61% | +41% | 112 |
| Bahamas | 16 | 106 kt 1% | 17.38 | +7% | +8% | 93 |
Segment median: 16.16 g CO₂/t·nm and 86 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
LNG carrier · 278 ships · 23% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin LNG carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs LNG carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 45 | 1.8 Mt 21% | 11.53 | +8% | +8% | 354 |
| Marshall Islands | 59 | 1.8 Mt 21% | 10.16 | −5% | −5% | 331 |
| Bermuda | 45 | 1.4 Mt 16% | 10.22 | −5% | −5% | 267 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 17 | 492 kt 6% | 9.40 | −12% | −12% | 242 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 7 | 427 kt 5% | 12.54 | +17% | +17% | 354 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 10 | 396 kt 5% | 10.75 | 0% | 0% | 222 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 12 | 358 kt 4% | 8.92 | −17% | −17% | 238 |
| Unknown | 13 | 327 kt 4% | 12.25 | +14% | +14% | 382 |
| Liberia | 11 | 325 kt 4% | 13.40 | +25% | +25% | 289 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 9 | 294 kt 3% | 13.69 | +28% | +28% | 304 |
| Singapore | 11 | 262 kt 3% | 8.51 | −20% | −20% | 237 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 8 | 172 kt 2% | 13.22 | +23% | +23% | 321 |
| Isle of Man | 8 | 154 kt 2% | 9.34 | −13% | −13% | 269 |
| Panama | 9 | 139 kt 2% | 7.25 | −32% | −32% | 204 |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 3 | 80 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 10.71 g CO₂/m³·nm and 297 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
General cargo · 1,247 ships · 49% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin General cargo | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (dwt)g/dwt·nm, median ship | vs General cargo medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 218 | 1.6 Mt 25% | 23.36 | −5% | −5% | 51 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 181 | 962 kt 15% | 29.64 | +21% | +21% | 59 |
| Liberia | 99 | 414 kt 6% | 24.12 | −2% | −2% | 58 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 63 | 388 kt 6% | 27.82 | +14% | +14% | 52 |
| Marshall Islands | 45 | 304 kt 5% | 13.96 | −43% | −43% | 72 |
| Panama | 94 | 299 kt 5% | 22.13 | −10% | −10% | 50 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 58 | 288 kt 5% | 8.87 | −64% | −64% | 84 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 67 | 268 kt 4% | 26.28 | +7% | +7% | 41 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 36 | 238 kt 4% | 15.71 | −36% | −36% | 83 |
| Unknown | 78 | 233 kt 4% | 28.83 | +18% | +18% | 43 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 43 | 231 kt 4% | 26.23 | +7% | +7% | 68 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 11 | 122 kt 2% | 40.44 | +65% | +65% | 87 |
| Bahamas | 27 | 120 kt 2% | 12.13 | −50% | −50% | 76 |
| Singapore | 16 | 110 kt 2% | 25.49 | +4% | +4% | 74 |
| China | 26 | 99 kt 2% | 6.64 | −73% | −73% | 81 |
Segment median: 24.50 g CO₂/dwt·nm and 55 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-ro · 245 ships · 72% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Ro-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MaltaEU/EEA | 39 | 829 kt 16% | 92.22 | −10% | 0% | 105 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 22 | 668 kt 13% | 94.36 | −8% | +13% | 132 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 19 | 601 kt 11% | 100.97 | −2% | +26% | 143 |
| Turkiye | 17 | 582 kt 11% | 73.97 | −28% | −1% | 120 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 19 | 576 kt 11% | 111.11 | +8% | +14% | 111 |
| United Kingdom | 9 | 216 kt 4% | 155.14 | +51% | +31% | 105 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 9 | 204 kt 4% | 52.28 | −49% | −7% | 82 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 7 | 152 kt 3% | 257.81 | +151% | +46% | 125 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 8 | 148 kt 3% | 226.22 | +120% | +11% | 109 |
| Isle of Man | 8 | 145 kt 3% | 163.68 | +59% | −12% | 105 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 8 | 144 kt 3% | 355.12 | +246% | +43% | 97 |
| Bahamas | 7 | 121 kt 2% | 173.96 | +69% | −22% | 85 |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 5 | 108 kt 2% | 95.43 | −7% | −11% | 91 |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 5 | 106 kt 2% | 108.12 | +5% | +3% | 95 |
| Unknown | 9 | 105 kt 2% | 70.76 | −31% | −17% | 67 |
Segment median: 102.77 g CO₂/t·nm and 109 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Vehicle carrier · 459 ships · 31% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Vehicle carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Vehicle carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panama | 122 | 1.0 Mt 24% | 58.26 | +2% | −1% | 99 |
| Bahamas | 57 | 539 kt 12% | 59.84 | +4% | +10% | 114 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 32 | 419 kt 10% | 63.00 | +10% | −1% | 101 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 43 | 325 kt 8% | 47.98 | −16% | −3% | 103 |
| Marshall Islands | 34 | 293 kt 7% | 48.32 | −16% | 0% | 106 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 18 | 293 kt 7% | 74.65 | +30% | +5% | 96 |
| Singapore | 26 | 227 kt 5% | 80.40 | +40% | +10% | 97 |
| Liberia | 23 | 200 kt 5% | 55.47 | −3% | −14% | 93 |
| Japan | 26 | 188 kt 4% | 53.25 | −7% | −4% | 100 |
| South Korea | 19 | 149 kt 3% | 54.98 | −4% | +8% | 115 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 9 | 126 kt 3% | 153.88 | +169% | +25% | 82 |
| United States | 10 | 121 kt 3% | 65.05 | +14% | −3% | 100 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 9 | 104 kt 2% | 50.18 | −12% | +3% | 118 |
| Cayman Islands | 11 | 74 kt 2% | 48.26 | −16% | −19% | 90 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 3 | 49 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 57.26 g CO₂/t·nm and 102 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Gas carrier (LPG) · 347 ships · 39% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Gas carrier (LPG) | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Gas carrier (LPG) medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 70 | 491 kt 18% | 48.03 | +14% | −1% | 90 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 33 | 358 kt 13% | 32.91 | −22% | −8% | 88 |
| Singapore | 42 | 255 kt 9% | 43.14 | +2% | −1% | 80 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 22 | 250 kt 9% | 28.71 | −32% | −18% | 109 |
| Bahamas | 16 | 189 kt 7% | 20.38 | −52% | +11% | 123 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 16 | 161 kt 6% | 66.82 | +58% | −7% | 72 |
| Panama | 30 | 149 kt 5% | 51.95 | +23% | +6% | 109 |
| Marshall Islands | 26 | 126 kt 5% | 22.56 | −47% | −3% | 93 |
| Isle of Man | 17 | 120 kt 4% | 71.89 | +70% | +8% | 88 |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 11 | 114 kt 4% | 32.68 | −23% | +17% | 111 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 12 | 96 kt 4% | 137.91 | +226% | +15% | 77 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 10 | 92 kt 3% | 109.92 | +160% | +19% | 69 |
| Unknown | 6 | 84 kt 3% | 32.69 | −23% | −2% | 85 |
| Algeria | 5 | 68 kt 2% | 48.28 | +14% | +14% | 138 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 10 | 48 kt 2% | 32.64 | −23% | −1% | 110 |
Segment median: 42.29 g CO₂/t·nm and 89 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Reefer · 152 ships · 11% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Reefer | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Reefer medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 65 | 723 kt 43% | 59.45 | +1% | −1% | 83 |
| Liberia | 29 | 398 kt 23% | 50.85 | −14% | −6% | 88 |
| Panama | 16 | 160 kt 9% | 55.42 | −6% | −5% | 81 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 4 | 138 kt 8% | – | – | – | – |
| Singapore | 9 | 133 kt 8% | 66.92 | +13% | +36% | 114 |
| Marshall Islands | 5 | 35 kt 2% | 73.36 | +24% | 0% | 70 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 2 | 31 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Curacao | 7 | 28 kt 2% | 53.42 | −10% | −16% | 60 |
| Unknown | 5 | 17 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Russia | 2 | 16 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 3 | 8,382 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Barbados | 1 | 4,970 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| SpainEU/EEA | 1 | 4,117 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Japan | 1 | 2,439 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 2 | 1,654 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 59.07 g CO₂/t·nm and 83 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Con-ro · 70 ships · 93% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Con-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs Con-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 38 | 664 kt 52% | 8.02 | −6% | −6% | 133 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 8 | 232 kt 18% | 4.44 | −48% | −48% | 175 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 6 | 140 kt 11% | 70.56 | +727% | +727% | 104 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 2 | 62 kt 5% | – | – | – | – |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 3 | 40 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| SpainEU/EEA | 2 | 36 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| Saudi Arabia | 6 | 28 kt 2% | 11.85 | +39% | +39% | 80 |
| Unknown | 3 | 24 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 1 | 21 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Gibraltar | 1 | 19 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 8.53 g CO₂/m³·nm and 127 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Passenger · 111 ships · 75% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Passenger | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Passenger medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 22 | 470 kt 39% | 337.29 | −71% | −71% | 630 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 18 | 288 kt 24% | 1,197.35 | +2% | +2% | 292 |
| Panama | 11 | 143 kt 12% | 1,029.99 | −12% | −12% | 646 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 6 | 91 kt 8% | 4,529.19 | +288% | +288% | 488 |
| Bermuda | 10 | 83 kt 7% | 578.98 | −50% | −50% | 373 |
| Bahamas | 17 | 70 kt 6% | 1,277.11 | +9% | +9% | 211 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 9 | 39 kt 3% | 10,770.99 | +822% | +822% | 116 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 3 | 9,103 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Marshall Islands | 7 | 7,809 t 1% | 889.57 | −24% | −24% | 201 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 1 | 4,906 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 4 | 3,550 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 3,252 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 1 | 1,668 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Cayman Islands | 1 | 1,605 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 1,168.55 g CO₂/pax·nm and 339 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Combination · 16 ships · 36% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Combination | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Combination medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 1 | 25 kt 21% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 4 | 22 kt 18% | – | – | – | – |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 2 | 20 kt 16% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 2 | 18 kt 15% | – | – | – | – |
| Singapore | 3 | 14 kt 11% | – | – | – | – |
| Liberia | 1 | 11 kt 9% | – | – | – | – |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 2 | 6,031 t 5% | – | – | – | – |
| Marshall Islands | 1 | 5,585 t 5% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 25.96 g CO₂/t·nm and 91 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
How the flag is estimated
The port of registry is typed by each company, so one port appears in many forms ("Monrovia", "MONRAVIA", "Monrovia, Liberia"). Navalyze matches 527 spellings in 2020 to 80 flags. 726 reports leave the port blank; 584 of them take the flag the same ship (IMO number) has in its nearest other reporting year, and the rest stay unknown. 152 ports could not be matched.
The estimate cannot tell second registers apart: NIS and NOR are both Norway, DIS and DAS both Denmark, and the Madeira register is Portugal. A ship that changed flag during the year shows the port named in its report. Some ports could mean two flags; the choices made are:
- Hamilton taken as Bermuda (89 ships under Bermuda)
- George Town / Georgetown taken as Cayman (95 ships under Cayman Islands)
- Leirvik taken as Faroe (operators are Faroese) (18 ships under Faroe Islands)
- NIS and NOR registers both shown as Norway (288 ships under Norway)
- DIS and DAS both shown as Denmark (273 ships under Denmark)
- Mata-Utu (Wallis and Futuna), French register (90 ships under France)
- Tripoli taken as Libya (operator is Libyan) (5 ships under Libya)
- Portsmouth taken as Dominica (low confidence) (3 ships under Dominica)
Not matched: Varna (GEROITE NA SEVASTOPOL), Slite (SUNNANVIK), Kalundborg (URD), Fishguard (STENA EUROPE), Karlskrona (STENA VISION), Varna (PATRA 3), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (GOGLAND REEFER), Bolshoy port of St.Petersburg (NOVIY SVET), Arkhangelsk (IOHANN MAHMASTAL), Finstrom (LINK STAR), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (FRIO ARKHANGELSK), Taganrog (VOLZHSKIY 45), Pireus (IRINI), Taganrog (VICTOR MARTYNENKO), Guaymas (RIO BALSAS), Glasgow (CALEDONIAN ISLES), ARKHANGELSK (ENISEY), Arkhangelsk (TERIBERKA), Glasgow (ISLE OF LEWIS), Varna (SAKAR), Varna (VARNA), Piikkio (LAURA), Piikkio (HJORDIS), Piikkio (MARJATTA), Skärhamn (BALTIC BRIGHT), Maceio (BOW OCEANIC), Glasgow (CLANSMAN), Bolshoy Port of St. Petersburg (ICE EAGLE), Bolshoy Port of St. Petersburg (ICE CONDOR), St. Petersburg (ANGARA), St Petersburg (ADLER), Hvide Sande (LAURA MAERSK), Bogense (LAUST MAERSK), Hanstholm (LICA MAERSK), Liamassol (EMS HIGHWAY), St. Petersburg (ASCALON), Belfast (STENA SUPERFAST VII), Belfast (STENA SUPERFAST VIII), Amsterda, (SLUISGRACHT), Glasgow (HEBRIDES), Luebeck (NILS HOLGERSSON), BATUMI (NANAC), Torre del Greco (Italy) (GHETTY BOTTIGLIERI), Arkhangelsk (SIBERIA), Yorktown, VA (YORKTOWN EXPRESS), Saint Louis, MO (ST LOUIS EXPRESS), Washington, DC (WASHINGTON EXPRESS), Philadelphia, PA (PHILADELPHIA EXPRESS), Lerwick (HJALTLAND), Kirkwall (HROSSEY).
Totals count each ship once a year: a part-year report of a ship that also has a full-year report is left out, as on every other page. The flag also shows on each ship page.