Navalyze · Flags
Flags of ships reporting to EU MRV, 2021
THETIS-MRV has no flag column, but every report names the ship's port of registry, and each port belongs to one flag state (Monrovia to Liberia, Majuro to the Marshall Islands). Navalyze reads the 535 ways the port is written in 2021 and assigns 77 flags. These are estimates, not official flag data; see how the flag is estimated.
The year at a glance
Largest flags
The 25 flags with most CO₂ in 2021. Bars show emissions; "EU" marks EU/EEA flags.
- Liberia16.2 Mt
- Marshall Islands13.2 Mt
- Panama12.7 Mt
- Malta · EU11.6 Mt
- Hong Kong (China)7.3 Mt
- Italy · EU7.0 Mt
- Portugal · EU6.0 Mt
- Singapore5.5 Mt
- Bahamas5.0 Mt
- Denmark · EU4.9 Mt
- Cyprus · EU4.2 Mt
- Greece · EU3.5 Mt
- Norway · EU3.3 Mt
- Netherlands · EU2.8 Mt
- France · EU2.1 Mt
- Antigua and Barbuda1.9 Mt
- Bermuda1.6 Mt
- Finland · EU1.6 Mt
- Germany · EU1.5 Mt
- Spain · EU1.5 Mt
- Sweden · EU1.4 Mt
- Turkiye1.1 Mt
- United States1.0 Mt
- United Kingdom891 kt
- Isle of Man724 kt
Show as table, with ships, fuel and EU ETS
| Flag | Ships | CO₂ | Fuel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 1,809 | 16.2 Mt 13% | 5.2 Mt |
| Marshall Islands | 1,910 | 13.2 Mt 10% | 4.2 Mt |
| Panama | 1,434 | 12.7 Mt 10% | 4.0 Mt |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,063 | 11.6 Mt 9% | 3.7 Mt |
| Hong Kong (China) | 686 | 7.3 Mt 6% | 2.4 Mt |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 291 | 7.0 Mt 6% | 2.2 Mt |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 428 | 6.0 Mt 5% | 1.9 Mt |
| Singapore | 658 | 5.5 Mt 4% | 1.8 Mt |
| Bahamas | 500 | 5.0 Mt 4% | 1.6 Mt |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 267 | 4.9 Mt 4% | 1.6 Mt |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 328 | 4.2 Mt 3% | 1.4 Mt |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 281 | 3.5 Mt 3% | 1.1 Mt |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 343 | 3.3 Mt 3% | 1.1 Mt |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 304 | 2.8 Mt 2% | 897 kt |
| FranceEU/EEA | 83 | 2.1 Mt 2% | 672 kt |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 278 | 1.9 Mt 2% | 609 kt |
| Bermuda | 77 | 1.6 Mt 1% | 567 kt |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 59 | 1.6 Mt 1% | 517 kt |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 83 | 1.5 Mt 1% | 495 kt |
| SpainEU/EEA | 57 | 1.5 Mt 1% | 472 kt |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 71 | 1.4 Mt 1% | 462 kt |
| Turkiye | 90 | 1.1 Mt 1% | 340 kt |
| United States | 47 | 1.0 Mt 1% | 328 kt |
| United Kingdom | 56 | 891 kt 1% | 285 kt |
| Isle of Man | 102 | 724 kt 1% | 234 kt |
| Other flags (52) | 920 | 6.1 Mt 5% | 1.9 Mt |
| Unknown | 260 | 2.1 Mt 2% | 670 kt |
Flags over time
CO₂ of the six largest flags of the latest year, in every reporting year. Blank ports are filled from the same ship's other years.
- Liberia
- Marshall Islands
- Malta
- Panama
- Singapore
- Portugal
EU/EEA flags' share of all CO₂: 2018 40% · 2019 40% · 2020 39% · 2021 42% · 2022 40% · 2023 41% · 2024 39% · 2025 40%
EU/EEA and other flags
EU/EEA means the 27 EU member states, Norway and Iceland. Overseas registers with their own flag, such as the Faroe Islands, Isle of Man, Gibraltar and Bermuda, count as other flags.
| Flags | Shipsreporting | CO₂emitted, total | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU/EEA flags | 3,777 | 52.8 Mt 42% | +8% | +1% |
| Other flags | 8,448 | 71.9 Mt 57% | −3% | −1% |
| Unknown flag | 260 | 2.1 Mt 2% | – | – |
Flag mix of each segment
Share of each segment's CO₂ under the 10 largest flags, and under all EU/EEA flags together. Each row adds up to 100% across all flags.
| Segment | Liberia | Marshall Islands | Panama | Malta | Hong Kong (China) | Italy | Portugal | Singapore | Bahamas | Denmark | All EU/EEA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Container | 19% | 4% | 15% | 9% | 12% | · | 10% | 6% | · | 7% | 34% |
| Bulk carrier | 17% | 22% | 18% | 8% | 7% | · | 2% | 5% | 4% | · | 17% |
| Oil tanker | 17% | 23% | 3% | 13% | 2% | 3% | 2% | 5% | 6% | 2% | 36% |
| Ro-pax | · | · | · | · | · | 26% | · | · | 2% | 5% | 93% |
| Chemical tanker | 12% | 22% | 6% | 16% | 3% | 4% | 4% | 7% | 1% | 3% | 39% |
| LNG carrier | 3% | 17% | 2% | 8% | 6% | · | · | 2% | 19% | · | 28% |
| General cargo | 7% | 5% | 5% | 3% | 5% | · | 9% | · | 2% | · | 51% |
| Ro-ro | · | · | · | 17% | · | 14% | 2% | · | 2% | 12% | 76% |
| Vehicle carrier | 7% | 9% | 22% | 8% | · | 9% | 3% | 3% | 11% | · | 31% |
| Passenger | · | 2% | 16% | 29% | · | 25% | 1% | · | 11% | · | 64% |
| Gas carrier (LPG) | 16% | 8% | 10% | 8% | 2% | · | · | 13% | 7% | 5% | 35% |
| Reefer | 23% | 1% | 11% | · | · | 9% | · | 7% | 43% | · | 11% |
| Con-ro | · | · | · | 21% | · | 53% | · | · | · | · | 96% |
Flags beyond the largest fifteen of a segment are counted in the EU/EEA total but not shown in their own column.
How each flag's ships compare
Each ship is set against the median ship of its own segment, on the platform's KPIs; the figure shown is the median of those differences for the flag's ships. Within a segment, bigger ships burn more fuel per mile but less CO₂ per tonne carried, so a flag with smaller ships looks higher on CO₂ per transport work for reasons of size. The similar-size column compares each ship only with ships of its own size band.
| Flag | Shipsbenchmarked | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmvs segment median | LNG / alt. fuelships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 1,625 | −1% | +3% | +4% | 0 / 18 |
| Marshall Islands | 1,814 | −5% | −2% | +1% | 0 / 35 |
| Panama | 1,350 | −7% | −2% | −1% | 0 / 11 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 996 | +6% | 0% | −3% | 0 / 36 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 592 | −16% | −3% | +9% | 0 / 8 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 282 | +16% | +5% | +9% | 0 / 1 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 398 | +32% | +7% | −18% | 0 / 1 |
| Singapore | 618 | −8% | −6% | −5% | 0 / 9 |
| Bahamas | 486 | +3% | +3% | +6% | 0 / 36 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 263 | −8% | −8% | −7% | 0 / 16 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 299 | +39% | +4% | −8% | 0 / 14 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 261 | −18% | +2% | +18% | 0 / 15 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 336 | −7% | 0% | +3% | 0 / 25 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 269 | +11% | +1% | −14% | 0 / 5 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 73 | +13% | +8% | −2% | 0 / 8 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 236 | +53% | +15% | −13% | 0 / 0 |
| Bermuda | 73 | −2% | −2% | +3% | 0 / 42 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 57 | +2% | +2% | −4% | 0 / 2 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 81 | +31% | −5% | +6% | 0 / 1 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 56 | +48% | +35% | +1% | 0 / 7 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 68 | +12% | 0% | −4% | 0 / 6 |
| Turkiye | 88 | +33% | −4% | −32% | 0 / 0 |
| United States | 42 | −9% | +1% | +15% | 0 / 0 |
| United Kingdom | 53 | −12% | 0% | +15% | 0 / 0 |
| Isle of Man | 95 | −6% | −1% | −4% | 0 / 6 |
- vs segment median :
- CO₂ per transport work against the median segment ship. Below 0% is better.
- vs similar-size ships :
- CO₂ per transport work of the median ship, against the median ship of the same size band in its segment (whole segment where the segment has no size bands). Below 0% is better.
- Fuel kg/nm :
- Fuel per mile of the median ship, against the median ship of its segment. Bigger ships burn more per mile, so this follows ship size.
- LNG / alt. fuel :
- Ships burning mostly LNG / ships using biofuel, methanol or similar, mostly or blended into oil.
Flags with at least 40 benchmarked ships (full-year reports with fuel and a valid figure, trimmed per segment as on the market page). Ro-pax, cruise and passenger ships count per passenger, LNG carriers and con-ro per m³, general cargo per dwt. Size bands exist for cargo segments; elsewhere the similar-size column uses the whole segment.
Flags inside each segment
The largest flags of each segment, with the KPIs of their median ship.
Container · 1,859 ships · 34% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Container | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Container medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 414 | 7.8 Mt 19% | 20.54 | +15% | +5% | 176 |
| Panama | 233 | 6.3 Mt 15% | 13.25 | −26% | +3% | 262 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 152 | 4.7 Mt 12% | 13.65 | −24% | −2% | 240 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 191 | 4.1 Mt 10% | 33.62 | +88% | +7% | 97 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 158 | 3.5 Mt 9% | 15.09 | −16% | +2% | 211 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 81 | 2.7 Mt 7% | 9.80 | −45% | −12% | 294 |
| Singapore | 131 | 2.6 Mt 6% | 15.37 | −14% | −6% | 198 |
| Marshall Islands | 79 | 1.7 Mt 4% | 15.20 | −15% | −3% | 195 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 77 | 1.1 Mt 3% | 36.82 | +106% | −6% | 87 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 49 | 1.1 Mt 3% | 12.51 | −30% | −7% | 228 |
| United States | 23 | 840 kt 2% | 13.23 | −26% | −4% | 217 |
| Unknown | 41 | 729 kt 2% | 14.74 | −18% | −3% | 234 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 18 | 725 kt 2% | 18.74 | +5% | +10% | 204 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 56 | 718 kt 2% | 48.36 | +170% | +4% | 81 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 22 | 324 kt 1% | 49.22 | +175% | +8% | 79 |
Segment median: 17.90 g CO₂/t·nm and 186 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Bulk carrier · 3,841 ships · 17% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Bulk carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Bulk carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 835 | 3.6 Mt 22% | 8.70 | +1% | 0% | 92 |
| Panama | 681 | 3.0 Mt 18% | 7.86 | −8% | −3% | 90 |
| Liberia | 655 | 2.8 Mt 17% | 8.91 | +4% | +4% | 95 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 303 | 1.3 Mt 8% | 9.10 | +6% | +4% | 89 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 338 | 1.2 Mt 7% | 8.15 | −5% | +1% | 95 |
| Singapore | 187 | 739 kt 5% | 7.84 | −8% | −3% | 90 |
| Bahamas | 126 | 587 kt 4% | 9.73 | +14% | −3% | 86 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 108 | 471 kt 3% | 8.47 | −1% | 0% | 93 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 74 | 372 kt 2% | 7.60 | −11% | +10% | 116 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 67 | 366 kt 2% | 9.16 | +7% | −7% | 79 |
| Unknown | 53 | 262 kt 2% | 8.26 | −4% | +3% | 99 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 23 | 205 kt 1% | 17.13 | +100% | +20% | 82 |
| Isle of Man | 27 | 161 kt 1% | 6.97 | −19% | −5% | 92 |
| China | 60 | 140 kt 1% | 8.91 | +4% | +6% | 101 |
| Philippines | 35 | 140 kt 1% | 8.01 | −6% | −5% | 83 |
Segment median: 8.57 g CO₂/t·nm and 91 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Oil tanker · 1,876 ships · 36% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Oil tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Oil tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 465 | 3.8 Mt 23% | 8.39 | −5% | −4% | 128 |
| Liberia | 301 | 2.8 Mt 17% | 8.11 | −8% | +2% | 144 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 203 | 2.1 Mt 13% | 8.82 | −1% | +1% | 128 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 123 | 1.2 Mt 7% | 7.00 | −21% | +4% | 152 |
| Bahamas | 104 | 964 kt 6% | 7.98 | −10% | +10% | 158 |
| Singapore | 129 | 876 kt 5% | 8.83 | 0% | −10% | 100 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 65 | 819 kt 5% | 14.91 | +68% | +10% | 117 |
| Panama | 82 | 526 kt 3% | 11.02 | +24% | −2% | 105 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 50 | 476 kt 3% | 24.24 | +174% | +13% | 111 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 52 | 381 kt 2% | 6.32 | −29% | −14% | 130 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 67 | 378 kt 2% | 8.90 | 0% | −17% | 85 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 21 | 309 kt 2% | 9.21 | +4% | +4% | 141 |
| Unknown | 30 | 229 kt 1% | 18.82 | +112% | +14% | 126 |
| Isle of Man | 24 | 164 kt 1% | 10.18 | +15% | +9% | 144 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 10 | 127 kt 1% | 20.86 | +135% | −10% | 105 |
Segment median: 8.86 g CO₂/t·nm and 129 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-pax · 392 ships · 93% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-pax | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Ro-pax medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 81 | 3.4 Mt 26% | 991.34 | +22% | +22% | 199 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 53 | 1.6 Mt 12% | 1,070.60 | +31% | +31% | 152 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 38 | 1.4 Mt 11% | 266.66 | −67% | −67% | 169 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 26 | 958 kt 7% | 741.18 | −9% | −9% | 157 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 31 | 925 kt 7% | 1,148.83 | +41% | +41% | 158 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 26 | 907 kt 7% | 498.28 | −39% | −39% | 170 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 13 | 711 kt 5% | 139.12 | −83% | −83% | 174 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 23 | 597 kt 5% | 1,077.58 | +32% | +32% | 124 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 29 | 447 kt 3% | 656.71 | −19% | −19% | 44 |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 277 kt 2% | 34.91 | −96% | −96% | 187 |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 6 | 267 kt 2% | 865.69 | +6% | +6% | 146 |
| Bahamas | 10 | 235 kt 2% | 376.48 | −54% | −54% | 133 |
| EstoniaEU/EEA | 8 | 229 kt 2% | 906.24 | +11% | +11% | 189 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 5 | 202 kt 2% | 1,138.25 | +40% | +40% | 147 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 6 | 147 kt 1% | 1,985.91 | +144% | +144% | 105 |
Segment median: 815.19 g CO₂/pax·nm and 155 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Chemical tanker · 1,401 ships · 39% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Chemical tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Chemical tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 334 | 1.9 Mt 22% | 13.10 | −21% | −6% | 83 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 177 | 1.4 Mt 16% | 29.40 | +76% | +7% | 81 |
| Liberia | 192 | 1.1 Mt 12% | 15.08 | −10% | −3% | 84 |
| Singapore | 101 | 595 kt 7% | 14.09 | −16% | −8% | 79 |
| Panama | 105 | 542 kt 6% | 16.43 | −2% | −6% | 80 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 75 | 533 kt 6% | 14.28 | −14% | +4% | 95 |
| Cayman Islands | 44 | 356 kt 4% | 18.60 | +11% | +17% | 103 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 37 | 337 kt 4% | 32.22 | +93% | +28% | 95 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 36 | 326 kt 4% | 25.42 | +52% | +11% | 76 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 45 | 302 kt 3% | 26.64 | +60% | −5% | 67 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 50 | 225 kt 3% | 13.23 | −21% | −2% | 90 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 18 | 140 kt 2% | 28.04 | +68% | −2% | 54 |
| Bahamas | 17 | 115 kt 1% | 13.92 | −17% | 0% | 87 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 13 | 109 kt 1% | 31.77 | +90% | +28% | 108 |
| Saudi Arabia | 15 | 89 kt 1% | 11.75 | −30% | +15% | 112 |
Segment median: 16.69 g CO₂/t·nm and 83 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
LNG carrier · 300 ships · 28% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin LNG carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs LNG carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 41 | 1.3 Mt 19% | 11.83 | +13% | +13% | 346 |
| Marshall Islands | 55 | 1.2 Mt 17% | 10.32 | −1% | −1% | 285 |
| Bermuda | 43 | 1.2 Mt 17% | 10.76 | +3% | +3% | 256 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 37 | 560 kt 8% | 8.17 | −22% | −22% | 208 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 8 | 402 kt 6% | 6.00 | −43% | −43% | 221 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 7 | 390 kt 6% | 11.95 | +14% | +14% | 361 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 20 | 336 kt 5% | 8.72 | −17% | −17% | 253 |
| Unknown | 12 | 244 kt 4% | 12.46 | +19% | +19% | 341 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 10 | 219 kt 3% | 9.98 | −5% | −5% | 295 |
| Liberia | 13 | 206 kt 3% | 14.01 | +34% | +34% | 262 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 7 | 179 kt 3% | 11.68 | +12% | +12% | 308 |
| Panama | 11 | 150 kt 2% | 11.25 | +8% | +8% | 208 |
| Singapore | 9 | 142 kt 2% | 8.17 | −22% | −22% | 244 |
| Isle of Man | 8 | 118 kt 2% | 6.97 | −33% | −33% | 237 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 5 | 83 kt 1% | 7.39 | −29% | −29% | 205 |
Segment median: 10.46 g CO₂/m³·nm and 257 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
General cargo · 1,262 ships · 51% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin General cargo | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (dwt)g/dwt·nm, median ship | vs General cargo medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 217 | 1.5 Mt 24% | 22.89 | +1% | +1% | 52 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 150 | 747 kt 12% | 26.34 | +16% | +16% | 56 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 90 | 556 kt 9% | 28.03 | +24% | +24% | 49 |
| Liberia | 99 | 457 kt 7% | 20.02 | −12% | −12% | 62 |
| Panama | 103 | 342 kt 5% | 22.72 | 0% | 0% | 49 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 69 | 315 kt 5% | 10.75 | −53% | −53% | 89 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 47 | 315 kt 5% | 23.57 | +4% | +4% | 62 |
| Marshall Islands | 53 | 297 kt 5% | 11.93 | −47% | −47% | 72 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 44 | 267 kt 4% | 24.00 | +6% | +6% | 71 |
| Unknown | 75 | 232 kt 4% | 26.28 | +16% | +16% | 38 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 48 | 172 kt 3% | 21.28 | −6% | −6% | 37 |
| China | 30 | 133 kt 2% | 6.82 | −70% | −70% | 82 |
| Bahamas | 29 | 112 kt 2% | 10.32 | −54% | −54% | 83 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 10 | 98 kt 2% | 40.16 | +77% | +77% | 87 |
| IrelandEU/EEA | 16 | 91 kt 1% | 19.90 | −12% | −12% | 50 |
Segment median: 22.70 g CO₂/dwt·nm and 56 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-ro · 225 ships · 76% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Ro-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MaltaEU/EEA | 42 | 956 kt 17% | 92.19 | −11% | −9% | 103 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 24 | 781 kt 14% | 99.08 | −4% | +11% | 142 |
| Turkiye | 17 | 688 kt 13% | 71.89 | −31% | −4% | 119 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 20 | 676 kt 12% | 108.27 | +4% | +13% | 145 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 19 | 530 kt 10% | 103.48 | 0% | 0% | 110 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 7 | 258 kt 5% | 286.16 | +176% | +32% | 121 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 8 | 207 kt 4% | 58.86 | −43% | −13% | 92 |
| United Kingdom | 7 | 157 kt 3% | 194.56 | +88% | +26% | 126 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 8 | 144 kt 3% | 380.09 | +267% | +48% | 108 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 6 | 134 kt 2% | 84.45 | −19% | −10% | 101 |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 5 | 117 kt 2% | 98.26 | −5% | +20% | 123 |
| Tunisia | 4 | 107 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Bahamas | 7 | 107 kt 2% | 183.35 | +77% | −11% | 96 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 7 | 100 kt 2% | 200.20 | +93% | +18% | 111 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 5 | 94 kt 2% | 54.75 | −47% | −25% | 82 |
Segment median: 103.64 g CO₂/t·nm and 109 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Vehicle carrier · 469 ships · 31% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Vehicle carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Vehicle carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panama | 119 | 903 kt 22% | 57.43 | −4% | −2% | 101 |
| Bahamas | 57 | 449 kt 11% | 62.36 | +5% | +9% | 113 |
| Marshall Islands | 41 | 379 kt 9% | 52.47 | −12% | −1% | 106 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 19 | 355 kt 9% | 64.23 | +8% | 0% | 100 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 44 | 330 kt 8% | 51.44 | −14% | −3% | 108 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 28 | 321 kt 8% | 65.81 | +10% | −6% | 103 |
| Liberia | 25 | 275 kt 7% | 57.57 | −3% | −10% | 93 |
| Japan | 36 | 213 kt 5% | 56.36 | −5% | −6% | 97 |
| South Korea | 23 | 191 kt 5% | 56.37 | −5% | +11% | 117 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 8 | 123 kt 3% | 121.47 | +104% | +6% | 84 |
| United States | 15 | 119 kt 3% | 61.75 | +4% | +7% | 113 |
| Singapore | 14 | 117 kt 3% | 66.70 | +12% | +1% | 109 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 10 | 72 kt 2% | 52.75 | −11% | +12% | 125 |
| Unknown | 8 | 37 kt 1% | 73.85 | +24% | 0% | 97 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 3 | 33 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 59.57 g CO₂/t·nm and 103 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Passenger · 113 ships · 64% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Passenger | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Passenger medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MaltaEU/EEA | 26 | 735 kt 29% | 1,094.51 | −17% | −17% | 263 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 15 | 638 kt 25% | 1,185.17 | −10% | −10% | 416 |
| Panama | 12 | 413 kt 16% | 991.61 | −25% | −25% | 506 |
| Bahamas | 18 | 283 kt 11% | 1,822.95 | +39% | +39% | 182 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 9 | 129 kt 5% | 1,429.43 | +9% | +9% | 219 |
| Bermuda | 5 | 90 kt 4% | 740.40 | −44% | −44% | 410 |
| United Kingdom | 4 | 78 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| FranceEU/EEA | 9 | 54 kt 2% | 3,883.17 | +195% | +195% | 107 |
| Marshall Islands | 4 | 40 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 4 | 37 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 3 | 24 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 1 | 5,205 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 1 | 3,564 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 1 | 2,462 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Cayman Islands | 1 | 1,959 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 1,314.88 g CO₂/pax·nm and 267 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Gas carrier (LPG) · 353 ships · 35% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Gas carrier (LPG) | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Gas carrier (LPG) medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 67 | 381 kt 16% | 42.81 | −9% | +5% | 91 |
| Singapore | 67 | 316 kt 13% | 50.26 | +7% | −8% | 72 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 26 | 294 kt 12% | 22.23 | −53% | +6% | 103 |
| Panama | 41 | 245 kt 10% | 56.53 | +21% | −4% | 90 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 22 | 193 kt 8% | 42.43 | −10% | −9% | 83 |
| Marshall Islands | 30 | 188 kt 8% | 45.59 | −3% | −2% | 92 |
| Bahamas | 10 | 165 kt 7% | 31.49 | −33% | +20% | 140 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 14 | 118 kt 5% | 54.30 | +16% | −6% | 73 |
| Isle of Man | 13 | 96 kt 4% | 49.46 | +5% | +8% | 88 |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 9 | 84 kt 3% | 33.47 | −29% | +12% | 106 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 8 | 76 kt 3% | 133.02 | +184% | +24% | 71 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 9 | 74 kt 3% | 110.67 | +136% | +40% | 73 |
| Algeria | 6 | 60 kt 2% | 34.59 | −26% | +14% | 203 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 11 | 50 kt 2% | 41.85 | −11% | −10% | 73 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 6 | 32 kt 1% | 44.46 | −5% | −5% | 79 |
Segment median: 46.91 g CO₂/t·nm and 84 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Reefer · 160 ships · 11% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Reefer | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Reefer medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 74 | 669 kt 43% | 58.48 | +6% | +2% | 84 |
| Liberia | 30 | 361 kt 23% | 46.43 | −16% | −9% | 89 |
| Panama | 21 | 165 kt 11% | 49.08 | −11% | −10% | 75 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 4 | 137 kt 9% | – | – | – | – |
| Singapore | 8 | 116 kt 7% | 66.22 | +20% | +25% | 117 |
| Curacao | 9 | 35 kt 2% | 63.83 | +16% | −3% | 49 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 1 | 18 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Russia | 2 | 16 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Marshall Islands | 3 | 14 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 2 | 8,059 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 2 | 5,327 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| SpainEU/EEA | 1 | 5,178 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Faroe Islands | 1 | 2,511 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Japan | 1 | 2,081 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 1 | 859 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 54.99 g CO₂/t·nm and 84 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Con-ro · 64 ships · 96% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Con-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs Con-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 35 | 691 kt 53% | 7.54 | −7% | −7% | 137 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 9 | 268 kt 21% | 4.64 | −43% | −43% | 186 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 7 | 181 kt 14% | 85.05 | +950% | +950% | 99 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 2 | 61 kt 5% | – | – | – | – |
| SpainEU/EEA | 2 | 37 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 2 | 25 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Saudi Arabia | 6 | 21 kt 2% | 9.11 | +13% | +13% | 89 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 1 | 18 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 8.10 g CO₂/m³·nm and 126 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Combination · 6 ships · 66% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Combination | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Combination medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 2 | 24 kt 45% | – | – | – | – |
| Liberia | 1 | 15 kt 28% | – | – | – | – |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 2 | 11 kt 21% | – | – | – | – |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 2,917 t 6% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 21.25 g CO₂/t·nm and 92 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
How the flag is estimated
The port of registry is typed by each company, so one port appears in many forms ("Monrovia", "MONRAVIA", "Monrovia, Liberia"). Navalyze matches 535 spellings in 2021 to 77 flags. 437 reports leave the port blank; 327 of them take the flag the same ship (IMO number) has in its nearest other reporting year, and the rest stay unknown. 150 ports could not be matched.
The estimate cannot tell second registers apart: NIS and NOR are both Norway, DIS and DAS both Denmark, and the Madeira register is Portugal. A ship that changed flag during the year shows the port named in its report. Some ports could mean two flags; the choices made are:
- Hamilton taken as Bermuda (77 ships under Bermuda)
- George Town / Georgetown taken as Cayman (79 ships under Cayman Islands)
- Leirvik taken as Faroe (operators are Faroese) (16 ships under Faroe Islands)
- NIS and NOR registers both shown as Norway (343 ships under Norway)
- DIS and DAS both shown as Denmark (267 ships under Denmark)
- Mata-Utu (Wallis and Futuna), French register (83 ships under France)
- Tripoli taken as Libya (operator is Libyan) (8 ships under Libya)
- Portsmouth taken as Dominica (low confidence) (2 ships under Dominica)
Not matched: Varna (GEROITE NA SEVASTOPOL), Slite (SUNNANVIK), Kalundborg (URD), Fishguard (STENA EUROPE), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (GOGLAND REEFER), Bolshoy port of St.Petersburg (NOVIY SVET), Arkhangelsk (TAIMYR), Bolshoy (VOLZHSKIY-40), Curaçao (TRUSTEE), Curacao (TRIUMPH), Pireus (IRINI), Taganrog (VICTOR MARTYNENKO), Guaymas (RIO BALSAS), Arkhangelsk (TERIBERKA), Arkhangelsk (MIKHAIL BRITNEV), Varna (SAKAR), Varna (VARNA), Piikkio (LAURA), Piikkio (HJORDIS), Piikkio (MARJATTA), Qeshm (ELYANA), Moerdijk (A2B INDEPENDENT), GREECE (THUNDER), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (POLA DUDINKA), Liamassol (EMS HIGHWAY), Arkhangelsk (S.KUZNETSOV), Luebeck (AKKA), Arkhangelsk (ARCTICA-1), Hundested (RAS MAERSK), Roemoe (ROBERT MAERSK), Arkhangelsk (ARCTICA-2), St Petersburg (PORTOVYY), Arkhangelsk (SIYANIE SEVERA), Hoejer (ROMOE MAERSK), Vladivostok (FESCO PARIS), Geroge Town (PAPUA), Bandar Abbas (SHIBA), Qeshm Island (DAISY), Qeshm (KASHAN), Qeshm Island (ARTABAZ), Majuru (HARVEST), Qatar (KHAWR ALADID), Karachi (MALAKAND), Taganrog (TANAIS), FUKUOKA (CEPHEUS LEADER), Skarhamn (BIT VIKING), HAIPHONG (HTK FORTUNE), Vladivostok (FESCO ULISS), Korsor (THUNDER BIRD), Randers (EUGEN MAERSK).
Totals count each ship once a year: a part-year report of a ship that also has a full-year report is left out, as on every other page. The flag also shows on each ship page.