Navalyze · Flags
Flags of ships reporting to EU MRV, 2022
THETIS-MRV has no flag column, but every report names the ship's port of registry, and each port belongs to one flag state (Monrovia to Liberia, Majuro to the Marshall Islands). Navalyze reads the 547 ways the port is written in 2022 and assigns 79 flags. These are estimates, not official flag data; see how the flag is estimated.
The year at a glance
Largest flags
The 25 flags with most CO₂ in 2022. Bars show emissions; "EU" marks EU/EEA flags.
- Liberia17.9 Mt
- Marshall Islands15.3 Mt
- Panama13.3 Mt
- Malta · EU12.3 Mt
- Italy · EU7.6 Mt
- Bahamas7.0 Mt
- Hong Kong (China)7.0 Mt
- Portugal · EU6.1 Mt
- Singapore5.6 Mt
- Denmark · EU4.4 Mt
- Greece · EU4.4 Mt
- Cyprus · EU4.3 Mt
- Norway · EU3.7 Mt
- Netherlands · EU2.8 Mt
- Bermuda2.5 Mt
- France · EU2.4 Mt
- Antigua and Barbuda1.9 Mt
- Spain · EU1.8 Mt
- Finland · EU1.7 Mt
- Germany · EU1.5 Mt
- Sweden · EU1.5 Mt
- United Kingdom1.2 Mt
- Turkiye1.1 Mt
- United States992 kt
- Isle of Man799 kt
Show as table, with ships, fuel and EU ETS
| Flag | Ships | CO₂ | Fuel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 2,187 | 17.9 Mt 13% | 5.7 Mt |
| Marshall Islands | 2,124 | 15.3 Mt 11% | 4.9 Mt |
| Panama | 1,567 | 13.3 Mt 10% | 4.3 Mt |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,056 | 12.3 Mt 9% | 4.0 Mt |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 291 | 7.6 Mt 5% | 2.4 Mt |
| Bahamas | 555 | 7.0 Mt 5% | 2.3 Mt |
| Hong Kong (China) | 692 | 7.0 Mt 5% | 2.2 Mt |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 474 | 6.1 Mt 4% | 1.9 Mt |
| Singapore | 715 | 5.6 Mt 4% | 1.8 Mt |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 265 | 4.4 Mt 3% | 1.5 Mt |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 317 | 4.4 Mt 3% | 1.4 Mt |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 326 | 4.3 Mt 3% | 1.4 Mt |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 362 | 3.7 Mt 3% | 1.2 Mt |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 308 | 2.8 Mt 2% | 906 kt |
| Bermuda | 84 | 2.5 Mt 2% | 834 kt |
| FranceEU/EEA | 88 | 2.4 Mt 2% | 794 kt |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 277 | 1.9 Mt 1% | 591 kt |
| SpainEU/EEA | 58 | 1.8 Mt 1% | 571 kt |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 62 | 1.7 Mt 1% | 532 kt |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 79 | 1.5 Mt 1% | 489 kt |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 73 | 1.5 Mt 1% | 464 kt |
| United Kingdom | 69 | 1.2 Mt 1% | 369 kt |
| Turkiye | 113 | 1.1 Mt 1% | 345 kt |
| United States | 46 | 992 kt 1% | 318 kt |
| Isle of Man | 96 | 799 kt 1% | 260 kt |
| Other flags (54) | 969 | 6.2 Mt 4% | 2.0 Mt |
| Unknown | 221 | 2.4 Mt 2% | 776 kt |
Flags over time
CO₂ of the six largest flags of the latest year, in every reporting year. Blank ports are filled from the same ship's other years.
- Liberia
- Marshall Islands
- Malta
- Panama
- Singapore
- Portugal
EU/EEA flags' share of all CO₂: 2018 40% · 2019 40% · 2020 39% · 2021 42% · 2022 40% · 2023 41% · 2024 39% · 2025 40%
EU/EEA and other flags
EU/EEA means the 27 EU member states, Norway and Iceland. Overseas registers with their own flag, such as the Faroe Islands, Isle of Man, Gibraltar and Bermuda, count as other flags.
| Flags | Shipsreporting | CO₂emitted, total | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU/EEA flags | 3,875 | 55.6 Mt 40% | +10% | +2% |
| Other flags | 9,378 | 79.5 Mt 58% | −3% | −1% |
| Unknown flag | 221 | 2.4 Mt 2% | – | – |
Flag mix of each segment
Share of each segment's CO₂ under the 10 largest flags, and under all EU/EEA flags together. Each row adds up to 100% across all flags.
| Segment | Liberia | Marshall Islands | Panama | Malta | Italy | Bahamas | Hong Kong (China) | Portugal | Singapore | Denmark | All EU/EEA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Container | 20% | 3% | 15% | 9% | · | · | 11% | 11% | 5% | 5% | 34% |
| Bulk carrier | 20% | 23% | 17% | 7% | · | 3% | 7% | 2% | 5% | · | 15% |
| Oil tanker | 19% | 24% | 4% | 11% | 2% | 6% | 3% | 2% | 5% | 2% | 34% |
| Ro-pax | · | · | · | · | 24% | 2% | · | · | · | 5% | 92% |
| LNG carrier | 3% | 20% | 3% | 11% | · | 18% | 4% | · | 5% | · | 31% |
| Chemical tanker | 15% | 23% | 6% | 14% | 4% | 1% | 2% | 4% | 6% | 3% | 37% |
| Passenger | · | 3% | 12% | 23% | 17% | 22% | · | 1% | · | · | 47% |
| General cargo | 8% | 7% | 6% | 2% | · | 3% | 6% | 8% | · | · | 51% |
| Ro-ro | · | · | · | 17% | 14% | · | · | 2% | · | 11% | 77% |
| Vehicle carrier | 7% | 8% | 22% | 7% | 8% | 13% | · | 4% | 2% | · | 31% |
| Gas carrier (LPG) | 18% | 6% | 10% | 9% | · | 8% | 2% | 1% | 16% | 4% | 32% |
| Reefer | 28% | 1% | 13% | · | 12% | 42% | · | · | · | · | 14% |
| Con-ro | · | 1% | · | 17% | 67% | · | · | · | · | · | 94% |
Flags beyond the largest fifteen of a segment are counted in the EU/EEA total but not shown in their own column.
How each flag's ships compare
Each ship is set against the median ship of its own segment, on the platform's KPIs; the figure shown is the median of those differences for the flag's ships. Within a segment, bigger ships burn more fuel per mile but less CO₂ per tonne carried, so a flag with smaller ships looks higher on CO₂ per transport work for reasons of size. The similar-size column compares each ship only with ships of its own size band.
| Flag | Shipsbenchmarked | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmvs segment median | LNG / alt. fuelships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 2,000 | 0% | +1% | +4% | 0 / 13 |
| Marshall Islands | 2,009 | −5% | −1% | +2% | 0 / 54 |
| Panama | 1,483 | −9% | −3% | −3% | 0 / 14 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,026 | +10% | 0% | −3% | 0 / 47 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 280 | +17% | +9% | +8% | 0 / 0 |
| Bahamas | 537 | +6% | +6% | +6% | 0 / 42 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 596 | −20% | −4% | +11% | 0 / 9 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 413 | +48% | +5% | −20% | 0 / 0 |
| Singapore | 654 | −8% | −6% | −6% | 0 / 27 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 255 | −7% | −6% | −11% | 0 / 15 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 307 | −20% | −1% | +10% | 0 / 28 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 297 | +28% | +3% | −9% | 0 / 12 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 351 | −2% | 0% | −3% | 0 / 23 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 283 | +18% | +8% | −16% | 0 / 6 |
| Bermuda | 82 | −6% | −4% | +6% | 0 / 42 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 83 | +43% | +27% | −4% | 0 / 10 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 182 | +73% | +13% | −21% | 0 / 3 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 55 | +54% | +43% | +2% | 0 / 8 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 59 | +1% | +1% | +6% | 0 / 0 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 69 | +11% | +2% | +25% | 0 / 0 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 71 | +23% | −3% | −10% | 0 / 4 |
| United Kingdom | 69 | −14% | +1% | +14% | 0 / 1 |
| Turkiye | 112 | +39% | +2% | −31% | 0 / 0 |
| United States | 41 | −17% | −2% | +14% | 0 / 0 |
| Isle of Man | 91 | −12% | −9% | −3% | 0 / 7 |
- vs segment median :
- CO₂ per transport work against the median segment ship. Below 0% is better.
- vs similar-size ships :
- CO₂ per transport work of the median ship, against the median ship of the same size band in its segment (whole segment where the segment has no size bands). Below 0% is better.
- Fuel kg/nm :
- Fuel per mile of the median ship, against the median ship of its segment. Bigger ships burn more per mile, so this follows ship size.
- LNG / alt. fuel :
- Ships burning mostly LNG / ships using biofuel, methanol or similar, mostly or blended into oil.
Flags with at least 40 benchmarked ships (full-year reports with fuel and a valid figure, trimmed per segment as on the market page). Ro-pax, cruise and passenger ships count per passenger, LNG carriers and con-ro per m³, general cargo per dwt. Size bands exist for cargo segments; elsewhere the similar-size column uses the whole segment.
Flags inside each segment
The largest flags of each segment, with the KPIs of their median ship.
Container · 1,906 ships · 34% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Container | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Container medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 441 | 7.6 Mt 20% | 22.43 | +17% | +4% | 173 |
| Panama | 236 | 5.8 Mt 15% | 13.24 | −31% | +3% | 250 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 144 | 4.3 Mt 11% | 13.60 | −29% | −3% | 241 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 209 | 4.1 Mt 11% | 32.95 | +72% | +8% | 94 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 156 | 3.3 Mt 9% | 17.84 | −7% | −1% | 203 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 75 | 2.1 Mt 5% | 7.05 | −63% | −8% | 295 |
| Singapore | 144 | 2.0 Mt 5% | 18.18 | −5% | −5% | 172 |
| Marshall Islands | 66 | 1.3 Mt 3% | 15.84 | −17% | −3% | 186 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 47 | 1.1 Mt 3% | 12.84 | −33% | 0% | 234 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 80 | 1.1 Mt 3% | 37.76 | +97% | −9% | 86 |
| Unknown | 37 | 1.0 Mt 3% | 10.88 | −43% | −2% | 264 |
| United States | 23 | 812 kt 2% | 12.59 | −34% | −7% | 211 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 18 | 762 kt 2% | 18.08 | −6% | +18% | 206 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 56 | 614 kt 2% | 49.12 | +157% | +1% | 79 |
| Bermuda | 15 | 419 kt 1% | 19.74 | +3% | +6% | 177 |
Segment median: 19.13 g CO₂/t·nm and 178 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Bulk carrier · 4,264 ships · 15% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Bulk carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Bulk carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 950 | 4.4 Mt 23% | 8.64 | −1% | +1% | 93 |
| Liberia | 844 | 3.8 Mt 20% | 8.77 | +1% | +3% | 95 |
| Panama | 745 | 3.3 Mt 17% | 7.92 | −9% | −5% | 87 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 287 | 1.2 Mt 7% | 9.50 | +9% | +5% | 93 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 316 | 1.2 Mt 7% | 8.24 | −5% | −1% | 93 |
| Singapore | 200 | 934 kt 5% | 8.15 | −6% | −3% | 89 |
| Bahamas | 138 | 660 kt 3% | 10.54 | +21% | +5% | 90 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 106 | 549 kt 3% | 8.07 | −7% | +4% | 92 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 70 | 369 kt 2% | 9.52 | +9% | −8% | 80 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 63 | 317 kt 2% | 7.59 | −13% | +4% | 116 |
| Unknown | 69 | 299 kt 2% | 8.41 | −3% | +2% | 96 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 45 | 218 kt 1% | 7.72 | −11% | −3% | 89 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 20 | 191 kt 1% | 17.59 | +102% | +12% | 79 |
| Isle of Man | 29 | 179 kt 1% | 6.39 | −27% | −8% | 86 |
| China | 50 | 156 kt 1% | 8.49 | −3% | +1% | 93 |
Segment median: 8.71 g CO₂/t·nm and 91 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Oil tanker · 2,038 ships · 34% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Oil tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Oil tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 499 | 4.1 Mt 24% | 7.94 | −7% | −3% | 133 |
| Liberia | 382 | 3.3 Mt 19% | 8.22 | −3% | +2% | 146 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 193 | 1.9 Mt 11% | 9.03 | +6% | 0% | 130 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 156 | 1.5 Mt 9% | 6.84 | −20% | +3% | 144 |
| Bahamas | 107 | 970 kt 6% | 7.50 | −12% | +6% | 143 |
| Singapore | 134 | 876 kt 5% | 8.09 | −5% | −16% | 104 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 56 | 700 kt 4% | 16.76 | +97% | +19% | 130 |
| Panama | 106 | 662 kt 4% | 11.62 | +37% | +5% | 118 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 66 | 519 kt 3% | 6.30 | −26% | −6% | 146 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 43 | 408 kt 2% | 28.88 | +239% | +33% | 100 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 72 | 397 kt 2% | 9.07 | +7% | −13% | 95 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 21 | 266 kt 2% | 11.05 | +30% | −17% | 128 |
| Unknown | 21 | 155 kt 1% | 9.22 | +8% | +23% | 173 |
| Isle of Man | 26 | 144 kt 1% | 8.26 | −3% | −7% | 126 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 10 | 122 kt 1% | 18.85 | +121% | −20% | 103 |
Segment median: 8.51 g CO₂/t·nm and 131 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-pax · 413 ships · 92% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-pax | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Ro-pax medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 82 | 3.5 Mt 24% | 806.61 | +29% | +29% | 196 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 56 | 1.8 Mt 12% | 481.26 | −23% | −23% | 153 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 42 | 1.6 Mt 11% | 237.69 | −62% | −62% | 166 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 32 | 1.1 Mt 8% | 951.55 | +52% | +52% | 161 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 26 | 1.1 Mt 7% | 818.62 | +31% | +31% | 161 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 24 | 913 kt 6% | 632.47 | +1% | +1% | 159 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 14 | 778 kt 6% | 133.75 | −79% | −79% | 177 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 26 | 747 kt 5% | 1,016.72 | +62% | +62% | 134 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 31 | 588 kt 4% | 451.19 | −28% | −28% | 67 |
| Bahamas | 10 | 267 kt 2% | 179.19 | −71% | −71% | 131 |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 259 kt 2% | 821.21 | +31% | +31% | 178 |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 6 | 236 kt 2% | 832.47 | +33% | +33% | 140 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 6 | 236 kt 2% | 717.33 | +15% | +15% | 148 |
| EstoniaEU/EEA | 8 | 232 kt 2% | 565.88 | −10% | −10% | 212 |
| Unknown | 6 | 177 kt 1% | 908.96 | +45% | +45% | 148 |
Segment median: 626.32 g CO₂/pax·nm and 157 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
LNG carrier · 390 ships · 31% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin LNG carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs LNG carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 81 | 2.2 Mt 20% | 11.87 | +14% | +14% | 317 |
| Bahamas | 48 | 2.0 Mt 18% | 11.02 | +6% | +6% | 324 |
| Bermuda | 47 | 1.2 Mt 11% | 10.68 | +3% | +3% | 254 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 50 | 1.2 Mt 11% | 8.06 | −22% | −22% | 194 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 31 | 706 kt 7% | 7.80 | −25% | −25% | 230 |
| Singapore | 20 | 521 kt 5% | 8.27 | −20% | −20% | 219 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 9 | 402 kt 4% | 7.20 | −31% | −31% | 213 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 9 | 379 kt 4% | 10.81 | +4% | +4% | 343 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 7 | 353 kt 3% | 10.50 | +1% | +1% | 315 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 10 | 345 kt 3% | 18.04 | +74% | +74% | 318 |
| Panama | 15 | 311 kt 3% | 8.68 | −16% | −16% | 223 |
| Liberia | 17 | 299 kt 3% | 12.06 | +16% | +16% | 208 |
| Unknown | 12 | 251 kt 2% | 11.84 | +14% | +14% | 295 |
| Isle of Man | 7 | 232 kt 2% | 10.61 | +2% | +2% | 280 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 9 | 224 kt 2% | 8.29 | −20% | −20% | 207 |
Segment median: 10.38 g CO₂/m³·nm and 252 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Chemical tanker · 1,473 ships · 37% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Chemical tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Chemical tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 361 | 2.0 Mt 23% | 13.22 | −18% | −2% | 87 |
| Liberia | 230 | 1.3 Mt 15% | 14.98 | −7% | −1% | 88 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 174 | 1.2 Mt 14% | 29.03 | +81% | +6% | 78 |
| Panama | 120 | 577 kt 6% | 15.34 | −5% | −8% | 77 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 78 | 544 kt 6% | 14.13 | −12% | −2% | 91 |
| Singapore | 97 | 497 kt 6% | 13.05 | −19% | −10% | 84 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 44 | 370 kt 4% | 30.94 | +93% | +3% | 75 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 35 | 354 kt 4% | 38.96 | +143% | +30% | 92 |
| Cayman Islands | 35 | 299 kt 3% | 16.51 | +3% | +22% | 113 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 42 | 291 kt 3% | 27.97 | +74% | −5% | 61 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 51 | 167 kt 2% | 13.53 | −16% | +2% | 92 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 20 | 149 kt 2% | 28.70 | +79% | −1% | 59 |
| Saudi Arabia | 19 | 123 kt 1% | 11.12 | −31% | +10% | 108 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 11 | 92 kt 1% | 17.68 | +10% | +21% | 98 |
| Bahamas | 14 | 76 kt 1% | 14.88 | −7% | +2% | 93 |
Segment median: 16.06 g CO₂/t·nm and 85 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Passenger · 191 ships · 47% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Passenger | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Passenger medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MaltaEU/EEA | 38 | 1.6 Mt 23% | 681.77 | −18% | −18% | 316 |
| Bahamas | 48 | 1.5 Mt 22% | 1,106.76 | +33% | +33% | 196 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 22 | 1.2 Mt 17% | 557.47 | −33% | −33% | 319 |
| Panama | 14 | 833 kt 12% | 608.46 | −27% | −27% | 308 |
| Bermuda | 12 | 775 kt 11% | 666.10 | −20% | −20% | 410 |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 300 kt 4% | 481.72 | −42% | −42% | 422 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 15 | 240 kt 3% | 914.39 | +10% | +10% | 125 |
| Marshall Islands | 8 | 226 kt 3% | 1,249.20 | +50% | +50% | 204 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 6 | 132 kt 2% | 727.90 | −12% | −12% | 256 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 9 | 80 kt 1% | 2,272.14 | +174% | +174% | 71 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 10 | 76 kt 1% | 2,290.28 | +176% | +176% | 77 |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 1 | 4,670 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 1 | 4,434 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 1 | 3,208 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Cayman Islands | 1 | 3,186 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 830.76 g CO₂/pax·nm and 250 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
General cargo · 1,251 ships · 51% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin General cargo | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (dwt)g/dwt·nm, median ship | vs General cargo medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 208 | 1.4 Mt 24% | 23.77 | +10% | +10% | 52 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 112 | 591 kt 10% | 26.42 | +23% | +23% | 54 |
| Liberia | 129 | 477 kt 8% | 19.18 | −11% | −11% | 66 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 75 | 437 kt 8% | 26.03 | +21% | +21% | 50 |
| Marshall Islands | 79 | 381 kt 7% | 12.03 | −44% | −44% | 78 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 81 | 326 kt 6% | 9.39 | −56% | −56% | 84 |
| Panama | 109 | 317 kt 6% | 20.16 | −7% | −7% | 49 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 52 | 306 kt 5% | 24.56 | +14% | +14% | 50 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 41 | 236 kt 4% | 24.38 | +13% | +13% | 66 |
| Bahamas | 36 | 159 kt 3% | 9.53 | −56% | −56% | 77 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 44 | 142 kt 2% | 20.24 | −6% | −6% | 40 |
| Unknown | 40 | 109 kt 2% | 30.98 | +44% | +44% | 38 |
| China | 32 | 97 kt 2% | 5.99 | −72% | −72% | 85 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 10 | 91 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| IrelandEU/EEA | 16 | 87 kt 2% | 18.29 | −15% | −15% | 49 |
Segment median: 21.57 g CO₂/dwt·nm and 57 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-ro · 229 ships · 77% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Ro-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MaltaEU/EEA | 43 | 980 kt 17% | 79.23 | −13% | −4% | 101 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 24 | 802 kt 14% | 88.66 | −2% | +23% | 138 |
| Turkiye | 16 | 628 kt 11% | 67.29 | −26% | −5% | 117 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 25 | 623 kt 11% | 93.88 | +4% | +5% | 114 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 17 | 611 kt 11% | 88.57 | −2% | +22% | 140 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 7 | 236 kt 4% | 282.98 | +212% | +43% | 122 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 10 | 236 kt 4% | 57.10 | −37% | −16% | 111 |
| Unknown | 9 | 179 kt 3% | 67.23 | −26% | −3% | 114 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 8 | 172 kt 3% | 424.22 | +368% | +69% | 106 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 161 kt 3% | 87.90 | −3% | −6% | 94 |
| United Kingdom | 7 | 155 kt 3% | 162.25 | +79% | +27% | 108 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 6 | 135 kt 2% | 117.14 | +29% | −10% | 108 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 7 | 134 kt 2% | 190.16 | +110% | −4% | 108 |
| Tunisia | 4 | 89 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 4 | 74 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 90.62 g CO₂/t·nm and 110 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Vehicle carrier · 472 ships · 31% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Vehicle carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Vehicle carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panama | 121 | 961 kt 22% | 56.32 | −2% | 0% | 106 |
| Bahamas | 57 | 557 kt 13% | 63.12 | +9% | +20% | 125 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 42 | 372 kt 8% | 45.96 | −20% | −4% | 111 |
| Marshall Islands | 39 | 357 kt 8% | 49.27 | −15% | −2% | 107 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 19 | 345 kt 8% | 64.56 | +12% | −6% | 109 |
| Liberia | 27 | 305 kt 7% | 57.54 | 0% | −8% | 101 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 28 | 287 kt 7% | 71.89 | +25% | −12% | 102 |
| Japan | 45 | 278 kt 6% | 53.67 | −7% | −6% | 101 |
| South Korea | 31 | 261 kt 6% | 54.45 | −6% | +8% | 124 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 9 | 154 kt 4% | 109.01 | +89% | −8% | 83 |
| United States | 14 | 124 kt 3% | 54.84 | −5% | +2% | 111 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 10 | 97 kt 2% | 42.00 | −27% | +2% | 121 |
| Singapore | 10 | 96 kt 2% | 53.98 | −6% | −2% | 109 |
| Unknown | 5 | 52 kt 1% | 93.58 | +62% | −3% | 103 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 3 | 50 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 57.66 g CO₂/t·nm and 108 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Gas carrier (LPG) · 376 ships · 32% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Gas carrier (LPG) | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Gas carrier (LPG) medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 75 | 512 kt 18% | 41.12 | −3% | −5% | 93 |
| Singapore | 80 | 435 kt 16% | 47.36 | +11% | −1% | 79 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 25 | 351 kt 13% | 24.48 | −42% | −5% | 105 |
| Panama | 47 | 282 kt 10% | 31.50 | −26% | +4% | 104 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 27 | 240 kt 9% | 34.95 | −18% | −10% | 80 |
| Bahamas | 12 | 215 kt 8% | 25.32 | −40% | +14% | 123 |
| Marshall Islands | 27 | 158 kt 6% | 30.64 | −28% | +3% | 98 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 15 | 100 kt 4% | 40.22 | −5% | −7% | 78 |
| Isle of Man | 10 | 90 kt 3% | 85.32 | +101% | +16% | 85 |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 9 | 77 kt 3% | 26.49 | −38% | −1% | 102 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 11 | 64 kt 2% | 39.45 | −7% | 0% | 93 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 9 | 61 kt 2% | 107.38 | +153% | +22% | 72 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 59 kt 2% | 138.17 | +225% | +19% | 69 |
| Algeria | 6 | 50 kt 2% | 41.30 | −3% | +49% | 119 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 4 | 36 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 42.53 g CO₂/t·nm and 88 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Reefer · 145 ships · 14% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Reefer | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Reefer medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 72 | 507 kt 42% | 60.78 | +10% | +2% | 80 |
| Liberia | 28 | 331 kt 28% | 43.14 | −22% | 0% | 88 |
| Panama | 24 | 162 kt 13% | 57.81 | +5% | −4% | 69 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 4 | 142 kt 12% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 2 | 19 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Russia | 2 | 13 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Marshall Islands | 2 | 7,106 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Curacao | 4 | 6,951 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 2 | 6,188 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 2 | 3,779 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Faroe Islands | 1 | 1,565 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Japan | 1 | 1,194 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| SpainEU/EEA | 1 | 1,050 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 55.27 g CO₂/t·nm and 81 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Con-ro · 60 ships · 94% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Con-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs Con-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 37 | 707 kt 67% | 7.34 | −4% | −4% | 137 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 9 | 184 kt 17% | 4.81 | −37% | −37% | 173 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 2 | 51 kt 5% | – | – | – | – |
| SpainEU/EEA | 2 | 32 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 2 | 30 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| Saudi Arabia | 6 | 21 kt 2% | 8.82 | +15% | +15% | 89 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 1 | 20 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Marshall Islands | 1 | 11 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 7.68 g CO₂/m³·nm and 132 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Combination · 9 ships · 55% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Combination | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Combination medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 2 | 23 kt 50% | – | – | – | – |
| Marshall Islands | 3 | 8,842 t 19% | – | – | – | – |
| Liberia | 1 | 8,393 t 18% | – | – | – | – |
| Singapore | 1 | 2,756 t 6% | – | – | – | – |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 1 | 2,020 t 4% | – | – | – | – |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 1,131 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 13.90 g CO₂/t·nm and 106 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
How the flag is estimated
The port of registry is typed by each company, so one port appears in many forms ("Monrovia", "MONRAVIA", "Monrovia, Liberia"). Navalyze matches 547 spellings in 2022 to 79 flags. 479 reports leave the port blank; 345 of them take the flag the same ship (IMO number) has in its nearest other reporting year, and the rest stay unknown. 87 ports could not be matched.
The estimate cannot tell second registers apart: NIS and NOR are both Norway, DIS and DAS both Denmark, and the Madeira register is Portugal. A ship that changed flag during the year shows the port named in its report. Some ports could mean two flags; the choices made are:
- Hamilton taken as Bermuda (84 ships under Bermuda)
- George Town / Georgetown taken as Cayman (67 ships under Cayman Islands)
- Leirvik taken as Faroe (operators are Faroese) (13 ships under Faroe Islands)
- NIS and NOR registers both shown as Norway (362 ships under Norway)
- DIS and DAS both shown as Denmark (265 ships under Denmark)
- Mata-Utu (Wallis and Futuna), French register (88 ships under France)
- Tripoli taken as Libya (operator is Libyan) (6 ships under Libya)
- Portsmouth taken as Dominica (low confidence) (2 ships under Dominica)
Not matched: VARNA (GEROITE NA SEVASTOPOL), Slite (SUNNANVIK), Kalundborg (URD), Fishguard (STENA EUROPE), Bolshoy port of St.Petersburg (NOVIY SVET), Arkhangelsk (ANDREY OSIPOV), Varna (SAKAR), Piikkio (LAURA), Piikkio (HJORDIS), Piikkio (MARJATTA), GREECE (THUNDER), ST. KITTS & NEVIS (BR LEADER), Liamssol (ISAR HIGHWAY), Antigua and Barbuda (OPTIMA), Luebeck (AKKA), Kingston (CHARBEL), Soesterberg (NEW AMSTERDAM), Geroge Town (PAPUA), Bandar Abbas (SHIBA), Qeshm Island (DAISY), Qeshm Island (AZARGOUN), Qeshm Island (ARTENOS), Qeshm Island (ARZIN), FUKUOKA (CEPHEUS LEADER), HAIPHONG (HTK FORTUNE), Korsor (THUNDER BIRD), Randers (EUGEN MAERSK), Nyborg (STEN TRITON), Nibe (STEN POSEIDON), NORDBY (STEN NEPTUN), Nakskov (STEN PONTOS), KOEGE (TORM ADVENTURER), NEXOE (TORM VOYAGER), Hellrup (STENA BALTICA), ZUEITINA (ALHANI), Sta. Cruz de Tenerife (VOLCAN DE TENEGUIA), MUJARO (TEMBEK), Finstrom (MISANA), Arkhangelsk (MYS DEZHNEVA), Sta. Cruz de Tenerife (ATALAYA TMA), Mujaro (UMM SLAL), Tallin (VIKING XPRS), ES SIDER (MAETIGA), Mujaro (AL MAFYAR), Stranraer (STENA CLEAR SKY), Arkhangelsk (MYS FLORA), SEOGWIPO (HL SINES), MAJURA (LADY SERRA), Geranium Shiptrade SA (PORTARIA), Moroia (BUTINAH).
Totals count each ship once a year: a part-year report of a ship that also has a full-year report is left out, as on every other page. The flag also shows on each ship page.