Navalyze · Flags
Flags of ships reporting to EU MRV, 2018
THETIS-MRV has no flag column, but every report names the ship's port of registry, and each port belongs to one flag state (Monrovia to Liberia, Majuro to the Marshall Islands). Navalyze reads the 477 ways the port is written in 2018 and assigns 73 flags. These are estimates, not official flag data; see how the flag is estimated.
The year at a glance
Largest flags
The 25 flags with most CO₂ in 2018. Bars show emissions; "EU" marks EU/EEA flags.
- Liberia16.2 Mt
- Panama15.3 Mt
- Malta · EU14.1 Mt
- Marshall Islands13.1 Mt
- Hong Kong (China)9.0 Mt
- Italy · EU8.2 Mt
- Bahamas7.6 Mt
- Singapore7.5 Mt
- Greece · EU5.2 Mt
- Denmark · EU5.1 Mt
- Portugal · EU4.3 Mt
- Cyprus · EU3.8 Mt
- Netherlands · EU3.3 Mt
- Norway · EU3.0 Mt
- Bermuda2.9 Mt
- France · EU2.4 Mt
- Antigua and Barbuda2.2 Mt
- Finland · EU2.0 Mt
- Germany · EU1.8 Mt
- Spain · EU1.6 Mt
- Turkiye1.5 Mt
- United Kingdom1.5 Mt
- Sweden · EU1.3 Mt
- Isle of Man1.3 Mt
- United States1.0 Mt
Show as table, with ships, fuel and EU ETS
| Flag | Ships | CO₂ | Fuel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 1,594 | 16.2 Mt 11% | 5.2 Mt |
| Panama | 1,479 | 15.3 Mt 11% | 4.9 Mt |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,121 | 14.1 Mt 10% | 4.5 Mt |
| Marshall Islands | 1,675 | 13.1 Mt 9% | 4.2 Mt |
| Hong Kong (China) | 721 | 9.0 Mt 6% | 2.9 Mt |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 310 | 8.2 Mt 6% | 2.6 Mt |
| Bahamas | 572 | 7.6 Mt 5% | 2.4 Mt |
| Singapore | 685 | 7.5 Mt 5% | 2.4 Mt |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 356 | 5.2 Mt 4% | 1.7 Mt |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 250 | 5.1 Mt 4% | 1.7 Mt |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 302 | 4.3 Mt 3% | 1.4 Mt |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 322 | 3.8 Mt 3% | 1.2 Mt |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 305 | 3.3 Mt 2% | 1.0 Mt |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 264 | 3.0 Mt 2% | 968 kt |
| Bermuda | 90 | 2.9 Mt 2% | 960 kt |
| FranceEU/EEA | 80 | 2.4 Mt 2% | 779 kt |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 293 | 2.2 Mt 1% | 693 kt |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 66 | 2.0 Mt 1% | 632 kt |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 90 | 1.8 Mt 1% | 565 kt |
| SpainEU/EEA | 58 | 1.6 Mt 1% | 530 kt |
| Turkiye | 117 | 1.5 Mt 1% | 487 kt |
| United Kingdom | 80 | 1.5 Mt 1% | 484 kt |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 56 | 1.3 Mt 1% | 428 kt |
| Isle of Man | 159 | 1.3 Mt 1% | 420 kt |
| United States | 45 | 1.0 Mt 1% | 333 kt |
| Other flags (48) | 753 | 6.3 Mt 4% | 2.0 Mt |
| Unknown | 417 | 3.6 Mt 2% | 1.2 Mt |
Flags over time
CO₂ of the six largest flags of the latest year, in every reporting year. Blank ports are filled from the same ship's other years.
- Liberia
- Marshall Islands
- Malta
- Panama
- Singapore
- Portugal
EU/EEA flags' share of all CO₂: 2018 40% · 2019 40% · 2020 39% · 2021 42% · 2022 40% · 2023 41% · 2024 39% · 2025 40%
EU/EEA and other flags
EU/EEA means the 27 EU member states, Norway and Iceland. Overseas registers with their own flag, such as the Faroe Islands, Isle of Man, Gibraltar and Bermuda, count as other flags.
| Flags | Shipsreporting | CO₂emitted, total | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU/EEA flags | 3,694 | 58.1 Mt 40% | +5% | +1% |
| Other flags | 8,149 | 83.7 Mt 58% | −2% | −1% |
| Unknown flag | 417 | 3.6 Mt 2% | – | – |
Flag mix of each segment
Share of each segment's CO₂ under the 10 largest flags, and under all EU/EEA flags together. Each row adds up to 100% across all flags.
| Segment | Liberia | Panama | Malta | Marshall Islands | Hong Kong (China) | Italy | Bahamas | Singapore | Greece | Denmark | All EU/EEA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Container | 17% | 16% | 11% | 4% | 13% | · | · | 8% | · | 7% | 33% |
| Oil tanker | 15% | 3% | 13% | 20% | 2% | 3% | 8% | 5% | 12% | 2% | 38% |
| Bulk carrier | 14% | 20% | 10% | 18% | 9% | 1% | 3% | 6% | 2% | · | 20% |
| Ro-pax | · | · | · | · | · | 24% | 4% | · | 11% | 4% | 85% |
| Chemical tanker | 11% | 6% | 16% | 18% | 4% | 4% | 2% | 7% | 2% | 4% | 38% |
| Passenger | · | 12% | 18% | 2% | · | 18% | 22% | · | · | · | 42% |
| Ro-ro | · | 3% | 12% | · | · | 17% | 2% | · | · | 8% | 65% |
| General cargo | 5% | 4% | 5% | 5% | 5% | · | 3% | 4% | · | · | 46% |
| LNG carrier | 5% | 2% | 5% | 18% | 2% | · | 19% | 4% | 6% | · | 24% |
| Vehicle carrier | 3% | 25% | 8% | 6% | · | · | 16% | 6% | 1% | · | 27% |
| Gas carrier (LPG) | 21% | 6% | 8% | 3% | · | · | 9% | 11% | 2% | 5% | 32% |
| Reefer | 26% | 5% | 6% | 6% | · | 14% | 25% | 10% | · | · | 24% |
| Con-ro | · | · | 1% | · | · | 49% | · | · | · | · | 80% |
Flags beyond the largest fifteen of a segment are counted in the EU/EEA total but not shown in their own column.
How each flag's ships compare
Each ship is set against the median ship of its own segment, on the platform's KPIs; the figure shown is the median of those differences for the flag's ships. Within a segment, bigger ships burn more fuel per mile but less CO₂ per tonne carried, so a flag with smaller ships looks higher on CO₂ per transport work for reasons of size. The similar-size column compares each ship only with ships of its own size band.
| Flag | Shipsbenchmarked | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmvs segment median | LNG / alt. fuelships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 1,390 | −1% | +2% | +2% | 0 / 8 |
| Panama | 1,379 | −9% | −3% | 0% | 0 / 4 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,024 | +3% | 0% | −3% | 0 / 15 |
| Marshall Islands | 1,540 | −4% | −3% | +1% | 0 / 13 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 668 | −15% | −6% | +12% | 0 / 3 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 298 | +15% | +12% | +4% | 0 / 1 |
| Bahamas | 528 | +8% | +6% | +8% | 0 / 24 |
| Singapore | 633 | −7% | −5% | −5% | 0 / 8 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 343 | −19% | −1% | +13% | 0 / 19 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 221 | +6% | −4% | −3% | 0 / 6 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 280 | +40% | +9% | −18% | 0 / 0 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 277 | +27% | +2% | −9% | 0 / 5 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 288 | +5% | −2% | −15% | 0 / 3 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 255 | −5% | +1% | +6% | 0 / 6 |
| Bermuda | 89 | −15% | −8% | +4% | 0 / 38 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 69 | −13% | +9% | +9% | 0 / 2 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 269 | +58% | +20% | −10% | 0 / 0 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 54 | +34% | +10% | −2% | 0 / 1 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 87 | +40% | −1% | +4% | 0 / 0 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 55 | +100% | +32% | −2% | 0 / 8 |
| Turkiye | 113 | +19% | 0% | −30% | 0 / 0 |
| United Kingdom | 74 | +2% | +1% | +6% | 0 / 0 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 55 | −4% | −4% | −11% | 0 / 1 |
| Isle of Man | 152 | −5% | −6% | −4% | 0 / 5 |
| United States | 43 | −11% | −3% | +15% | 0 / 0 |
- vs segment median :
- CO₂ per transport work against the median segment ship. Below 0% is better.
- vs similar-size ships :
- CO₂ per transport work of the median ship, against the median ship of the same size band in its segment (whole segment where the segment has no size bands). Below 0% is better.
- Fuel kg/nm :
- Fuel per mile of the median ship, against the median ship of its segment. Bigger ships burn more per mile, so this follows ship size.
- LNG / alt. fuel :
- Ships burning mostly LNG / ships using biofuel, methanol or similar, mostly or blended into oil.
Flags with at least 40 benchmarked ships (full-year reports with fuel and a valid figure, trimmed per segment as on the market page). Ro-pax, cruise and passenger ships count per passenger, LNG carriers and con-ro per m³, general cargo per dwt. Size bands exist for cargo segments; elsewhere the similar-size column uses the whole segment.
Flags inside each segment
The largest flags of each segment, with the KPIs of their median ship.
Container · 1,813 ships · 33% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Container | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Container medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 370 | 7.8 Mt 17% | 22.83 | +13% | +5% | 167 |
| Panama | 235 | 7.2 Mt 16% | 15.35 | −24% | +4% | 255 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 174 | 6.1 Mt 13% | 13.18 | −35% | −10% | 247 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 170 | 4.8 Mt 11% | 18.33 | −9% | 0% | 203 |
| Singapore | 128 | 3.5 Mt 8% | 16.69 | −18% | +2% | 216 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 78 | 3.1 Mt 7% | 8.89 | −56% | −8% | 293 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 143 | 3.0 Mt 7% | 34.66 | +71% | +10% | 114 |
| Marshall Islands | 63 | 2.0 Mt 4% | 16.13 | −20% | −6% | 182 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 55 | 1.2 Mt 3% | 15.82 | −22% | −4% | 234 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 84 | 1.2 Mt 3% | 45.14 | +123% | 0% | 90 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 20 | 838 kt 2% | 16.79 | −17% | +27% | 245 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 69 | 836 kt 2% | 50.29 | +149% | +5% | 84 |
| United States | 17 | 760 kt 2% | 11.05 | −45% | −8% | 217 |
| Unknown | 43 | 627 kt 1% | 31.89 | +58% | 0% | 139 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 27 | 419 kt 1% | 43.33 | +114% | +3% | 85 |
Segment median: 20.22 g CO₂/t·nm and 182 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Oil tanker · 1,909 ships · 38% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Oil tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Oil tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 392 | 3.8 Mt 20% | 8.15 | −8% | −6% | 134 |
| Liberia | 286 | 2.8 Mt 15% | 8.12 | −8% | +2% | 158 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 208 | 2.5 Mt 13% | 8.60 | −3% | −4% | 133 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 184 | 2.3 Mt 12% | 7.41 | −16% | +1% | 156 |
| Bahamas | 126 | 1.5 Mt 8% | 9.43 | +6% | +13% | 169 |
| Singapore | 147 | 944 kt 5% | 8.48 | −4% | −15% | 103 |
| Panama | 87 | 666 kt 3% | 11.64 | +31% | −2% | 118 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 50 | 662 kt 3% | 27.80 | +214% | +43% | 119 |
| Unknown | 68 | 560 kt 3% | 11.07 | +25% | +6% | 136 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 42 | 553 kt 3% | 12.52 | +41% | +10% | 120 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 59 | 456 kt 2% | 5.66 | −36% | −16% | 152 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 59 | 350 kt 2% | 13.79 | +56% | −4% | 98 |
| Isle of Man | 28 | 254 kt 1% | 10.45 | +18% | +4% | 147 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 15 | 191 kt 1% | 6.80 | −23% | −15% | 142 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 13 | 175 kt 1% | 22.31 | +152% | 0% | 99 |
Segment median: 8.86 g CO₂/t·nm and 140 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Bulk carrier · 3,846 ships · 20% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Bulk carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Bulk carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panama | 741 | 3.8 Mt 20% | 7.61 | −10% | −4% | 91 |
| Marshall Islands | 756 | 3.4 Mt 18% | 8.93 | +5% | 0% | 93 |
| Liberia | 565 | 2.6 Mt 14% | 8.62 | +1% | +3% | 93 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 354 | 1.8 Mt 10% | 8.56 | +1% | +1% | 93 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 354 | 1.6 Mt 9% | 8.41 | −1% | 0% | 94 |
| Singapore | 191 | 1.2 Mt 6% | 7.75 | −9% | −3% | 92 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 129 | 655 kt 4% | 8.76 | +3% | +2% | 93 |
| Bahamas | 129 | 579 kt 3% | 9.95 | +17% | +5% | 89 |
| Unknown | 120 | 474 kt 3% | 9.47 | +11% | +5% | 96 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 82 | 465 kt 2% | 6.83 | −20% | +3% | 116 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 46 | 200 kt 1% | 9.43 | +11% | −4% | 82 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 40 | 196 kt 1% | 8.10 | −5% | +1% | 95 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 24 | 195 kt 1% | 18.50 | +118% | +19% | 80 |
| Isle of Man | 39 | 175 kt 1% | 7.05 | −17% | −16% | 86 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 19 | 144 kt 1% | 10.66 | +25% | +25% | 86 |
Segment median: 8.50 g CO₂/t·nm and 92 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-pax · 375 ships · 85% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-pax | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Ro-pax medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 74 | 3.5 Mt 24% | 923.19 | +27% | +27% | 189 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 34 | 1.6 Mt 11% | 193.57 | −73% | −73% | 186 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 37 | 1.2 Mt 8% | 920.74 | +26% | +26% | 159 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 25 | 1.1 Mt 8% | 398.11 | −45% | −45% | 170 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 29 | 1.1 Mt 7% | 2,438.66 | +235% | +235% | 154 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 23 | 829 kt 6% | 550.78 | −24% | −24% | 146 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 14 | 809 kt 5% | 129.07 | −82% | −82% | 172 |
| Bahamas | 18 | 623 kt 4% | 522.45 | −28% | −28% | 147 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 17 | 598 kt 4% | 636.91 | −13% | −13% | 83 |
| Unknown | 21 | 588 kt 4% | 871.28 | +20% | +20% | 128 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 20 | 580 kt 4% | 914.66 | +25% | +25% | 119 |
| United Kingdom | 10 | 486 kt 3% | 1,178.90 | +62% | +62% | 198 |
| EstoniaEU/EEA | 8 | 314 kt 2% | 368.03 | −49% | −49% | 171 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 6 | 259 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 6 | 241 kt 2% | 2,213.02 | +204% | +204% | 136 |
Segment median: 728.92 g CO₂/pax·nm and 158 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Chemical tanker · 1,364 ships · 38% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Chemical tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Chemical tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 280 | 1.7 Mt 18% | 13.82 | −19% | −7% | 90 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 173 | 1.5 Mt 16% | 26.85 | +57% | +7% | 87 |
| Liberia | 157 | 1.0 Mt 11% | 15.59 | −9% | +6% | 99 |
| Singapore | 91 | 624 kt 7% | 15.47 | −10% | −4% | 87 |
| Panama | 110 | 606 kt 6% | 16.89 | −1% | −3% | 88 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 59 | 445 kt 5% | 14.48 | −16% | −1% | 93 |
| Cayman Islands | 46 | 415 kt 4% | 17.61 | +3% | +9% | 104 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 37 | 349 kt 4% | 44.86 | +162% | +25% | 94 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 47 | 346 kt 4% | 25.55 | +49% | 0% | 72 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 61 | 346 kt 4% | 12.66 | −26% | −4% | 95 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 19 | 217 kt 2% | 17.16 | 0% | +17% | 118 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 23 | 215 kt 2% | 28.22 | +65% | +4% | 78 |
| Isle of Man | 23 | 178 kt 2% | 16.36 | −5% | −4% | 84 |
| Bahamas | 36 | 169 kt 2% | 17.55 | +2% | −4% | 94 |
| Unknown | 35 | 166 kt 2% | 24.08 | +41% | +3% | 71 |
Segment median: 17.14 g CO₂/t·nm and 90 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Passenger · 159 ships · 42% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Passenger | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Passenger medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 45 | 1.4 Mt 22% | 964.90 | +67% | +67% | 201 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 29 | 1.2 Mt 18% | 552.37 | −4% | −4% | 271 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 23 | 1.2 Mt 18% | 405.83 | −30% | −30% | 280 |
| Bermuda | 11 | 1.1 Mt 16% | 517.63 | −10% | −10% | 411 |
| Panama | 15 | 777 kt 12% | 418.61 | −28% | −28% | 378 |
| Unknown | 9 | 225 kt 3% | 895.52 | +55% | +55% | 165 |
| United Kingdom | 2 | 178 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| Marshall Islands | 5 | 156 kt 2% | 840.60 | +46% | +46% | 234 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 4 | 127 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 5 | 117 kt 2% | 683.11 | +18% | +18% | 197 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 6 | 37 kt 1% | 1,456.93 | +153% | +153% | 85 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 1 | 27 kt 0% | – | – | – | – |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 2 | 26 kt 0% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 1 | 10 kt 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Liberia | 1 | 4,919 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 577.11 g CO₂/pax·nm and 266 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-ro · 272 ships · 65% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Ro-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 36 | 1.1 Mt 17% | 91.79 | +1% | 0% | 108 |
| Turkiye | 18 | 796 kt 12% | 80.85 | −11% | −1% | 119 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 33 | 746 kt 12% | 128.46 | +41% | 0% | 96 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 19 | 582 kt 9% | 119.62 | +31% | +13% | 118 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 15 | 535 kt 8% | 92.09 | +1% | +28% | 143 |
| United Kingdom | 9 | 250 kt 4% | 174.91 | +92% | +19% | 104 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 7 | 246 kt 4% | 204.95 | +125% | −13% | 117 |
| Unknown | 9 | 193 kt 3% | 71.62 | −21% | −28% | 98 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 8 | 190 kt 3% | 49.14 | −46% | −39% | 81 |
| Panama | 20 | 180 kt 3% | 56.21 | −38% | −16% | 114 |
| Isle of Man | 9 | 162 kt 3% | 153.52 | +69% | +8% | 102 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 154 kt 2% | 54.72 | −40% | −31% | 86 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 8 | 147 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 7 | 140 kt 2% | 190.36 | +109% | +51% | 109 |
| Bahamas | 7 | 135 kt 2% | 186.98 | +105% | −26% | 85 |
Segment median: 91.03 g CO₂/t·nm and 108 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
General cargo · 1,178 ships · 46% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin General cargo | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (dwt)g/dwt·nm, median ship | vs General cargo medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 206 | 1.6 Mt 25% | 23.49 | −6% | −6% | 53 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 181 | 941 kt 15% | 33.17 | +33% | +33% | 60 |
| Marshall Islands | 56 | 346 kt 5% | 14.55 | −41% | −41% | 86 |
| Liberia | 81 | 329 kt 5% | 23.30 | −6% | −6% | 58 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 84 | 306 kt 5% | 25.21 | +1% | +1% | 44 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 58 | 295 kt 5% | 9.11 | −63% | −63% | 85 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 52 | 288 kt 5% | 27.92 | +12% | +12% | 53 |
| Panama | 79 | 273 kt 4% | 22.37 | −10% | −10% | 49 |
| Unknown | 69 | 267 kt 4% | 33.43 | +34% | +34% | 54 |
| Singapore | 26 | 225 kt 4% | 18.15 | −27% | −27% | 86 |
| Bahamas | 35 | 202 kt 3% | 12.32 | −50% | −50% | 87 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 28 | 187 kt 3% | 23.63 | −5% | −5% | 53 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 29 | 163 kt 3% | 12.16 | −51% | −51% | 91 |
| Isle of Man | 22 | 138 kt 2% | 16.45 | −34% | −34% | 56 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 8 | 96 kt 2% | 48.24 | +94% | +94% | 95 |
Segment median: 24.89 g CO₂/dwt·nm and 58 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
LNG carrier · 213 ships · 24% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin LNG carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs LNG carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 31 | 1.2 Mt 19% | 11.40 | +4% | +4% | 338 |
| Bermuda | 38 | 1.2 Mt 19% | 8.95 | −18% | −18% | 297 |
| Marshall Islands | 42 | 1.1 Mt 18% | 11.09 | +2% | +2% | 372 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 19 | 371 kt 6% | 11.38 | +4% | +4% | 266 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 16 | 327 kt 5% | 9.29 | −15% | −15% | 268 |
| Liberia | 6 | 301 kt 5% | 27.81 | +155% | +155% | 355 |
| Unknown | 11 | 272 kt 4% | 10.35 | −5% | −5% | 363 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 3 | 260 kt 4% | – | – | – | – |
| Singapore | 9 | 218 kt 4% | 11.39 | +4% | +4% | 275 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 5 | 198 kt 3% | 12.58 | +15% | +15% | 311 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 7 | 152 kt 2% | 11.97 | +10% | +10% | 316 |
| Isle of Man | 6 | 119 kt 2% | 10.57 | −3% | −3% | 316 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 3 | 113 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Panama | 4 | 104 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 4 | 84 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 10.92 g CO₂/m³·nm and 323 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Vehicle carrier · 448 ships · 27% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Vehicle carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Vehicle carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panama | 129 | 1.3 Mt 25% | 60.99 | −2% | −2% | 102 |
| Bahamas | 59 | 832 kt 16% | 69.82 | +12% | +9% | 120 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 44 | 535 kt 10% | 59.42 | −5% | +4% | 113 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 23 | 388 kt 8% | 53.42 | −14% | −3% | 113 |
| Marshall Islands | 37 | 316 kt 6% | 57.30 | −8% | +5% | 116 |
| Japan | 35 | 285 kt 6% | 58.60 | −6% | −4% | 104 |
| Singapore | 29 | 283 kt 6% | 84.57 | +36% | +8% | 99 |
| United States | 14 | 203 kt 4% | 63.48 | +2% | +1% | 116 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 9 | 195 kt 4% | 159.73 | +156% | +18% | 84 |
| Liberia | 18 | 152 kt 3% | 55.12 | −12% | −12% | 95 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 7 | 143 kt 3% | 52.08 | −17% | +10% | 122 |
| Cayman Islands | 13 | 122 kt 2% | 59.44 | −5% | −9% | 98 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 4 | 73 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 6 | 58 kt 1% | 157.56 | +153% | +16% | 75 |
| Gibraltar | 3 | 53 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 62.35 g CO₂/t·nm and 104 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Gas carrier (LPG) · 321 ships · 32% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Gas carrier (LPG) | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Gas carrier (LPG) medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 52 | 537 kt 21% | 47.34 | −11% | +2% | 87 |
| Singapore | 53 | 284 kt 11% | 67.61 | +27% | −9% | 72 |
| Bahamas | 22 | 237 kt 9% | 36.30 | −32% | +18% | 134 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 17 | 217 kt 8% | 48.08 | −9% | −7% | 76 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 19 | 168 kt 6% | 35.28 | −34% | +16% | 127 |
| Panama | 30 | 159 kt 6% | 42.93 | −19% | +6% | 115 |
| Isle of Man | 20 | 142 kt 5% | 81.62 | +54% | −6% | 90 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 16 | 119 kt 5% | 45.48 | −14% | +9% | 85 |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 10 | 109 kt 4% | 33.24 | −37% | +5% | 117 |
| Unknown | 9 | 96 kt 4% | 36.06 | −32% | −24% | 87 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 11 | 95 kt 4% | 117.74 | +122% | +22% | 68 |
| Marshall Islands | 18 | 85 kt 3% | 25.34 | −52% | −13% | 89 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 9 | 81 kt 3% | 120.74 | +127% | +5% | 73 |
| Algeria | 7 | 75 kt 3% | 39.80 | −25% | +18% | 125 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 7 | 62 kt 2% | 57.26 | +8% | +2% | 74 |
Segment median: 53.11 g CO₂/t·nm and 87 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Reefer · 146 ships · 24% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Reefer | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Reefer medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 39 | 469 kt 26% | 59.12 | −19% | −7% | 81 |
| Bahamas | 50 | 442 kt 25% | 75.23 | +3% | +3% | 91 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 4 | 248 kt 14% | – | – | – | – |
| Singapore | 5 | 179 kt 10% | – | – | – | – |
| Marshall Islands | 6 | 112 kt 6% | 76.88 | +5% | −7% | 73 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 4 | 108 kt 6% | – | – | – | – |
| Panama | 11 | 92 kt 5% | 69.56 | −5% | −4% | 95 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 5 | 61 kt 3% | 90.53 | +24% | +31% | 59 |
| Unknown | 8 | 18 kt 1% | 43.78 | −40% | −24% | 79 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 3 | 15 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Curacao | 3 | 15 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Faroe Islands | 2 | 6,258 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Barbados | 1 | 5,965 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 1 | 4,412 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Russia | 1 | 4,056 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 72.84 g CO₂/t·nm and 86 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Con-ro · 80 ships · 80% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Con-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs Con-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 41 | 833 kt 49% | 9.60 | −17% | −17% | 139 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 9 | 281 kt 17% | – | – | – | – |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 186 kt 11% | 13.17 | +14% | +14% | 181 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 3 | 86 kt 5% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 3 | 79 kt 5% | – | – | – | – |
| Gibraltar | 4 | 67 kt 4% | – | – | – | – |
| Saudi Arabia | 6 | 55 kt 3% | 29.51 | +155% | +155% | 98 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 3 | 38 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 2 | 29 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 1 | 15 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1 | 13 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 1 | 5,077 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Marshall Islands | 1 | 2,659 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 11.58 g CO₂/m³·nm and 135 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Combination · 10 ships · 39% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Combination | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Combination medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 1 | 30 kt 29% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 2 | 25 kt 24% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 3 | 22 kt 21% | – | – | – | – |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 2 | 19 kt 18% | – | – | – | – |
| Isle of Man | 1 | 8,363 t 8% | – | – | – | – |
| Liberia | 1 | 973 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 20.50 g CO₂/t·nm and 115 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
How the flag is estimated
The port of registry is typed by each company, so one port appears in many forms ("Monrovia", "MONRAVIA", "Monrovia, Liberia"). Navalyze matches 477 spellings in 2018 to 73 flags. 1,707 reports leave the port blank; 1,453 of them take the flag the same ship (IMO number) has in its nearest other reporting year, and the rest stay unknown. 163 ports could not be matched.
The estimate cannot tell second registers apart: NIS and NOR are both Norway, DIS and DAS both Denmark, and the Madeira register is Portugal. A ship that changed flag during the year shows the port named in its report. Some ports could mean two flags; the choices made are:
- Hamilton taken as Bermuda (90 ships under Bermuda)
- George Town / Georgetown taken as Cayman (90 ships under Cayman Islands)
- Leirvik taken as Faroe (operators are Faroese) (13 ships under Faroe Islands)
- NIS and NOR registers both shown as Norway (264 ships under Norway)
- DIS and DAS both shown as Denmark (250 ships under Denmark)
- Mata-Utu (Wallis and Futuna), French register (80 ships under France)
- Tripoli taken as Libya (operator is Libyan) (6 ships under Libya)
- Portsmouth taken as Dominica (low confidence) (2 ships under Dominica)
Not matched: Varna (GEROITE NA ODESSA), Varna (GEROITE NA SEVASTOPOL), Slite (SUNNANVIK), Kalundborg (URD), Fishguard (STENA EUROPE), Karlskrona (STENA VISION), Varna (PATRA 3), Bremerhaven (POLARSTERN), Varna (STEVIA), Arkhangelsk (YAMAL IRBIS), Bolshoy port of St.Petersburg (NOVIY SVET), Arkhangelsk (IOHANN MAHMASTAL), Sassnitz (SASSNITZ), Finstrom (LINK STAR), YOKOHAMA (ASUKA II), Taganrog (VICTOR MARTYNENKO), Kaliningrad (RUNAWAY BAY), Guaymas (RIO BALSAS), Glasgow (CALEDONIAN ISLES), Glasgow (ISLE OF LEWIS), Varna (SAKAR), Varna (VARNA), Piikkio (HJORDIS), Piikkio (MARJATTA), Alofi (LOLO GATE), Skärhamn (BALTIC BRIGHT), Molde (MARILINE), Mujaro (HARVEST LEGEND), Glasgow (CLANSMAN), Bolshoy Port of St. Petersburg (ICE EAGLE), Bolshoy Port of St. Petersburg (ICE CONDOR), Honng Kong (SC TAIPEI), St Petersburg (ADLER), Moerdijk (A2B INDEPENDENT), Bogense (LAUST MAERSK), Aabenraa (NORA MAERSK), Qeshm (ARVIN), Georg Town (NORDIC SIRIUS), Liamassol (EMS HIGHWAY), LISBOA (EMILIA), Belfast (STENA SUPERFAST VII), Belfast (STENA SUPERFAST VIII), Arkhangelsk (YAMAL KRECHET), Amsterda, (SLUISGRACHT), Tarawa (ADAMASTOS), Glasgow (HEBRIDES), Qeshm Island (MAHNAM), Luebeck (NILS HOLGERSSON), Nekso (NEXOE MAERSK), Nysted (NYSTED MAERSK).
Totals count each ship once a year: a part-year report of a ship that also has a full-year report is left out, as on every other page. The flag also shows on each ship page.