Navalyze · Flags
Flags of ships reporting to EU MRV, 2024
THETIS-MRV has no flag column, but every report names the ship's port of registry, and each port belongs to one flag state (Monrovia to Liberia, Majuro to the Marshall Islands). Navalyze reads the 570 ways the port is written in 2024 and assigns 83 flags. These are estimates, not official flag data; see how the flag is estimated.
The year at a glance
Largest flags
The 25 flags with most CO₂ in 2024. Bars show emissions; "EU" marks EU/EEA flags.
- Liberia23.4 Mt
- Panama14.8 Mt
- Marshall Islands14.3 Mt
- Malta · EU13.7 Mt
- Hong Kong (China)8.3 Mt
- Singapore7.2 Mt
- Portugal · EU7.1 Mt
- Italy · EU6.7 Mt
- Bahamas6.4 Mt
- Denmark · EU6.2 Mt
- Cyprus · EU4.3 Mt
- Greece · EU4.3 Mt
- Norway · EU3.5 Mt
- Netherlands · EU2.8 Mt
- France · EU2.2 Mt
- Bermuda2.0 Mt
- Antigua and Barbuda1.9 Mt
- Spain · EU1.7 Mt
- Germany · EU1.7 Mt
- Finland · EU1.6 Mt
- Sweden · EU1.3 Mt
- United States1.2 Mt
- United Kingdom1.1 Mt
- Turkiye1.1 Mt
- Japan735 kt
Show as table, with ships, fuel and EU ETS
| Flag | Ships | CO₂ | Fuel | CO₂ in EU ETS scope |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 2,588 | 23.4 Mt 16% | 7.5 Mt | 12.8 Mt |
| Panama | 1,747 | 14.8 Mt 10% | 4.8 Mt | 8.4 Mt |
| Marshall Islands | 2,080 | 14.3 Mt 10% | 4.6 Mt | 7.9 Mt |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,139 | 13.7 Mt 9% | 4.4 Mt | 8.4 Mt |
| Hong Kong (China) | 621 | 8.3 Mt 6% | 2.7 Mt | 4.4 Mt |
| Singapore | 718 | 7.2 Mt 5% | 2.3 Mt | 3.9 Mt |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 606 | 7.1 Mt 5% | 2.3 Mt | 4.3 Mt |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 281 | 6.7 Mt 5% | 2.2 Mt | 5.5 Mt |
| Bahamas | 577 | 6.4 Mt 4% | 2.1 Mt | 4.1 Mt |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 259 | 6.2 Mt 4% | 2.0 Mt | 3.9 Mt |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 370 | 4.3 Mt 3% | 1.4 Mt | 2.6 Mt |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 313 | 4.3 Mt 3% | 1.4 Mt | 2.2 Mt |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 357 | 3.5 Mt 2% | 1.1 Mt | 2.5 Mt |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 310 | 2.8 Mt 2% | 886 kt | 2.0 Mt |
| FranceEU/EEA | 105 | 2.2 Mt 1% | 728 kt | 1.4 Mt |
| Bermuda | 73 | 2.0 Mt 1% | 674 kt | 1.2 Mt |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 291 | 1.9 Mt 1% | 593 kt | 1.2 Mt |
| SpainEU/EEA | 52 | 1.7 Mt 1% | 554 kt | 530 kt |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 72 | 1.7 Mt 1% | 545 kt | 1.0 Mt |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 61 | 1.6 Mt 1% | 516 kt | 1.3 Mt |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 73 | 1.3 Mt 1% | 424 kt | 1.0 Mt |
| United States | 44 | 1.2 Mt 1% | 373 kt | 605 kt |
| United Kingdom | 58 | 1.1 Mt 1% | 368 kt | 665 kt |
| Turkiye | 133 | 1.1 Mt 1% | 343 kt | 594 kt |
| Japan | 68 | 735 kt 0% | 237 kt | 403 kt |
| Other flags (58) | 1,281 | 6.7 Mt 5% | 2.2 Mt | 4.0 Mt |
| Unknown | 193 | 2.1 Mt 1% | 708 kt | 1.2 Mt |
Flags over time
CO₂ of the six largest flags of the latest year, in every reporting year. Blank ports are filled from the same ship's other years.
- Liberia
- Marshall Islands
- Malta
- Panama
- Singapore
- Portugal
EU/EEA flags' share of all CO₂: 2018 40% · 2019 40% · 2020 39% · 2021 42% · 2022 40% · 2023 41% · 2024 39% · 2025 40%
EU/EEA and other flags
EU/EEA means the 27 EU member states, Norway and Iceland. Overseas registers with their own flag, such as the Faroe Islands, Isle of Man, Gibraltar and Bermuda, count as other flags.
| Flags | Shipsreporting | CO₂emitted, total | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU/EEA flags | 4,100 | 58.0 Mt 39% | +12% | +2% |
| Other flags | 10,175 | 88.1 Mt 59% | −4% | −1% |
| Unknown flag | 193 | 2.1 Mt 1% | – | – |
Flag mix of each segment
Share of each segment's CO₂ under the 10 largest flags, and under all EU/EEA flags together. Each row adds up to 100% across all flags.
| Segment | Liberia | Panama | Marshall Islands | Malta | Hong Kong (China) | Singapore | Portugal | Italy | Bahamas | Denmark | All EU/EEA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Container | 24% | 14% | 3% | 9% | 11% | 8% | 9% | · | · | 7% | 31% |
| Oil tanker | 20% | 4% | 25% | 12% | 3% | 5% | 2% | 1% | 5% | 2% | 32% |
| Bulk carrier | 21% | 17% | 21% | 7% | 6% | 5% | 3% | · | 3% | · | 15% |
| Ro-pax | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 22% | 1% | 7% | 92% |
| Chemical tanker | 15% | 8% | 19% | 15% | 3% | 6% | 5% | 3% | · | 3% | 38% |
| LNG carrier | 3% | 4% | 19% | 12% | 6% | 4% | · | · | 16% | · | 34% |
| Passenger | · | 13% | 3% | 20% | · | · | · | 15% | 25% | · | 42% |
| General cargo | 10% | 8% | 8% | 2% | 4% | 1% | 6% | · | 5% | · | 46% |
| Ro-ro | · | · | · | 18% | · | · | 6% | 12% | · | 10% | 75% |
| Vehicle carrier | 12% | 23% | 8% | 6% | · | 2% | 2% | 7% | 9% | · | 30% |
| Gas carrier (LPG) | 19% | 10% | 8% | 14% | · | 13% | 1% | · | 6% | 4% | 34% |
| Con-ro | · | · | 4% | 11% | · | · | · | 55% | 2% | · | 90% |
| Reefer | 26% | 8% | · | · | · | 3% | · | 13% | 45% | · | 15% |
Flags beyond the largest fifteen of a segment are counted in the EU/EEA total but not shown in their own column.
How each flag's ships compare
Each ship is set against the median ship of its own segment, on the platform's KPIs; the figure shown is the median of those differences for the flag's ships. Within a segment, bigger ships burn more fuel per mile but less CO₂ per tonne carried, so a flag with smaller ships looks higher on CO₂ per transport work for reasons of size. The similar-size column compares each ship only with ships of its own size band.
| Flag | Shipsbenchmarked | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmvs segment median | LNG / alt. fuelships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 2,053 | −4% | +2% | +6% | 44 / 21 |
| Panama | 1,028 | −4% | 0% | 0% | 17 / 11 |
| Marshall Islands | 1,663 | −5% | −2% | +2% | 49 / 14 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,015 | +9% | 0% | −3% | 66 / 8 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 520 | −28% | −4% | +14% | 12 / 5 |
| Singapore | 552 | −13% | −9% | −6% | 21 / 14 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 507 | +51% | +6% | −19% | 8 / 3 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 245 | +5% | +4% | +10% | 5 / 0 |
| Bahamas | 491 | +1% | 0% | +3% | 29 / 13 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 248 | −5% | −10% | −3% | 9 / 33 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 268 | +46% | +3% | −9% | 15 / 8 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 271 | −19% | −7% | +8% | 34 / 0 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 318 | −5% | 0% | −6% | 32 / 8 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 290 | +32% | +18% | −18% | 9 / 1 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 94 | +29% | +19% | −10% | 29 / 5 |
| Bermuda | 68 | +1% | −2% | +15% | 37 / 2 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 222 | +53% | +7% | −17% | 0 / 2 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 46 | +24% | +15% | +1% | 9 / 0 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 68 | +4% | −1% | +33% | 7 / 2 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 57 | 0% | −4% | −1% | 8 / 0 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 72 | +27% | −8% | −13% | 10 / 1 |
| United States | 41 | −22% | −3% | +8% | 0 / 5 |
| United Kingdom | 50 | −32% | 0% | +20% | 4 / 0 |
| Turkiye | 102 | +42% | −1% | −29% | 0 / 0 |
- vs segment median :
- CO₂ per transport work against the median segment ship. Below 0% is better.
- vs similar-size ships :
- CO₂ per transport work of the median ship, against the median ship of the same size band in its segment (whole segment where the segment has no size bands). Below 0% is better.
- Fuel kg/nm :
- Fuel per mile of the median ship, against the median ship of its segment. Bigger ships burn more per mile, so this follows ship size.
- LNG / alt. fuel :
- Ships burning mostly LNG / ships using biofuel, methanol or similar, mostly or blended into oil.
Flags with at least 40 benchmarked ships (full-year reports with fuel and a valid figure, trimmed per segment as on the market page). Ro-pax, cruise and passenger ships count per passenger, LNG carriers and con-ro per m³, general cargo per dwt. Size bands exist for cargo segments; elsewhere the similar-size column uses the whole segment.
Flags inside each segment
The largest flags of each segment, with the KPIs of their median ship.
Container · 2,180 ships · 31% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Container | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Container medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 579 | 12.9 Mt 24% | 17.19 | −2% | 0% | 179 |
| Panama | 254 | 7.5 Mt 14% | 15.00 | −14% | +7% | 232 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 147 | 5.8 Mt 11% | 9.59 | −45% | 0% | 236 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 201 | 4.7 Mt 9% | 17.23 | −2% | +1% | 164 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 251 | 4.6 Mt 9% | 36.38 | +108% | +6% | 95 |
| Singapore | 139 | 4.0 Mt 8% | 15.76 | −10% | −3% | 155 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 81 | 3.8 Mt 7% | 8.43 | −52% | −12% | 276 |
| Marshall Islands | 80 | 1.6 Mt 3% | 19.56 | +12% | 0% | 150 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 45 | 1.3 Mt 2% | 9.85 | −44% | −6% | 254 |
| Unknown | 39 | 1.2 Mt 2% | 10.68 | −39% | −13% | 225 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 76 | 1.1 Mt 2% | 40.91 | +134% | −4% | 86 |
| United States | 22 | 991 kt 2% | 11.75 | −33% | −5% | 199 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 20 | 604 kt 1% | 13.28 | −24% | −10% | 183 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 51 | 590 kt 1% | 46.80 | +167% | +6% | 82 |
| United Kingdom | 15 | 383 kt 1% | 8.16 | −53% | −24% | 181 |
Segment median: 17.52 g CO₂/t·nm and 167 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Oil tanker · 2,054 ships · 32% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Oil tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Oil tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 475 | 4.7 Mt 25% | 7.68 | −5% | −2% | 130 |
| Liberia | 428 | 3.6 Mt 20% | 7.85 | −3% | +5% | 141 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 210 | 2.2 Mt 12% | 9.37 | +16% | +4% | 131 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 146 | 1.8 Mt 10% | 6.46 | −20% | −5% | 143 |
| Bahamas | 105 | 987 kt 5% | 7.67 | −5% | +3% | 139 |
| Singapore | 133 | 945 kt 5% | 7.63 | −5% | −14% | 108 |
| Panama | 110 | 665 kt 4% | 9.59 | +19% | +2% | 114 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 55 | 549 kt 3% | 4.98 | −38% | −15% | 173 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 36 | 501 kt 3% | 16.47 | +104% | +17% | 118 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 44 | 441 kt 2% | 21.65 | +169% | +6% | 82 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 65 | 402 kt 2% | 9.13 | +13% | −13% | 97 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 29 | 251 kt 1% | 37.60 | +367% | +49% | 103 |
| Isle of Man | 25 | 208 kt 1% | 9.39 | +17% | +1% | 134 |
| Cayman Islands | 9 | 125 kt 1% | 5.51 | −32% | −6% | 122 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 13 | 114 kt 1% | 12.21 | +51% | −1% | 122 |
Segment median: 8.06 g CO₂/t·nm and 129 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Bulk carrier · 4,614 ships · 15% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Bulk carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Bulk carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 948 | 3.3 Mt 21% | 8.01 | −1% | −1% | 85 |
| Liberia | 960 | 3.2 Mt 21% | 8.20 | +1% | +5% | 91 |
| Panama | 818 | 2.7 Mt 17% | 7.73 | −4% | −2% | 84 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 295 | 1.0 Mt 7% | 8.26 | +2% | −1% | 82 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 291 | 912 kt 6% | 7.27 | −10% | −2% | 89 |
| Singapore | 224 | 831 kt 5% | 7.03 | −13% | −5% | 83 |
| Bahamas | 130 | 501 kt 3% | 10.24 | +27% | +1% | 79 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 99 | 454 kt 3% | 8.24 | +2% | +3% | 83 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 133 | 352 kt 2% | 8.43 | +4% | 0% | 83 |
| Barbados | 87 | 233 kt 2% | 11.97 | +48% | 0% | 70 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 48 | 171 kt 1% | 7.33 | −9% | −3% | 80 |
| China | 101 | 166 kt 1% | 8.08 | 0% | +7% | 90 |
| Isle of Man | 29 | 162 kt 1% | 7.02 | −13% | −5% | 85 |
| Unknown | 61 | 159 kt 1% | 6.77 | −16% | +2% | 94 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 55 | 150 kt 1% | 6.59 | −19% | +3% | 93 |
Segment median: 8.09 g CO₂/t·nm and 85 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-pax · 438 ships · 92% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-pax | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Ro-pax medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 78 | 3.1 Mt 22% | 95.24 | −83% | −83% | 190 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 68 | 1.8 Mt 13% | 869.30 | +59% | +59% | 146 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 45 | 1.6 Mt 12% | 269.46 | −51% | −51% | 156 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 32 | 1.1 Mt 8% | 569.45 | +4% | +4% | 151 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 28 | 1.0 Mt 7% | 755.42 | +38% | +38% | 155 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 30 | 971 kt 7% | 824.80 | +51% | +51% | 128 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 15 | 779 kt 6% | 123.34 | −77% | −77% | 149 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 20 | 741 kt 5% | 472.90 | −13% | −13% | 158 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 38 | 638 kt 5% | 252.80 | −54% | −54% | 55 |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 247 kt 2% | 1,590.58 | +191% | +191% | 185 |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 6 | 205 kt 1% | 1,575.57 | +188% | +188% | 128 |
| EstoniaEU/EEA | 8 | 204 kt 1% | 441.04 | −19% | −19% | 158 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 5 | 195 kt 1% | 1,108.82 | +103% | +103% | 144 |
| Bahamas | 8 | 191 kt 1% | 188.91 | −65% | −65% | 135 |
| Unknown | 8 | 172 kt 1% | 439.71 | −20% | −20% | 197 |
Segment median: 546.68 g CO₂/pax·nm and 151 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Chemical tanker · 1,487 ships · 38% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Chemical tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Chemical tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 292 | 1.6 Mt 19% | 12.76 | −24% | −3% | 85 |
| Liberia | 261 | 1.3 Mt 15% | 13.72 | −18% | −2% | 83 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 184 | 1.3 Mt 15% | 27.31 | +63% | +6% | 75 |
| Panama | 150 | 725 kt 8% | 18.39 | +10% | 0% | 79 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 71 | 522 kt 6% | 12.43 | −26% | +3% | 88 |
| Singapore | 94 | 478 kt 6% | 13.13 | −21% | −12% | 76 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 55 | 405 kt 5% | 30.97 | +85% | +13% | 78 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 38 | 302 kt 3% | 24.42 | +46% | +36% | 99 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 41 | 278 kt 3% | 26.58 | +59% | −8% | 63 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 43 | 265 kt 3% | 11.57 | −31% | +1% | 89 |
| Cayman Islands | 30 | 191 kt 2% | 17.67 | +6% | +13% | 104 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 17 | 124 kt 1% | 30.45 | +82% | −5% | 55 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 17 | 93 kt 1% | 19.32 | +16% | +14% | 100 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 16 | 83 kt 1% | 28.93 | +73% | 0% | 91 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 14 | 81 kt 1% | 32.40 | +94% | −3% | 59 |
Segment median: 16.73 g CO₂/t·nm and 81 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
LNG carrier · 361 ships · 34% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin LNG carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs LNG carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 58 | 1.6 Mt 19% | 7.83 | +6% | +6% | 227 |
| Bahamas | 40 | 1.3 Mt 16% | 10.10 | +37% | +37% | 307 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 50 | 969 kt 12% | 6.45 | −13% | −13% | 173 |
| Bermuda | 40 | 785 kt 9% | 9.18 | +24% | +24% | 228 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 14 | 508 kt 6% | 5.78 | −22% | −22% | 210 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 28 | 421 kt 5% | 5.87 | −21% | −21% | 186 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 8 | 391 kt 5% | 10.19 | +38% | +38% | 306 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 7 | 369 kt 4% | 10.41 | +41% | +41% | 309 |
| Singapore | 23 | 352 kt 4% | 6.78 | −8% | −8% | 190 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 8 | 349 kt 4% | 11.93 | +61% | +61% | 299 |
| Panama | 20 | 346 kt 4% | 6.06 | −18% | −18% | 181 |
| Liberia | 18 | 275 kt 3% | 7.80 | +5% | +5% | 202 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 18 | 253 kt 3% | 5.80 | −22% | −22% | 167 |
| Unknown | 12 | 181 kt 2% | 5.24 | −29% | −29% | 164 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 6 | 64 kt 1% | 23.59 | +219% | +219% | 67 |
Segment median: 7.39 g CO₂/m³·nm and 205 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Passenger · 211 ships · 42% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Passenger | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Passenger medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 64 | 1.7 Mt 25% | 944.22 | +53% | +53% | 187 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 37 | 1.4 Mt 20% | 530.97 | −14% | −14% | 271 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 19 | 1.1 Mt 15% | 332.11 | −46% | −46% | 319 |
| Panama | 16 | 868 kt 13% | 448.00 | −28% | −28% | 356 |
| Bermuda | 19 | 857 kt 12% | 470.07 | −24% | −24% | 375 |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 297 kt 4% | 327.91 | −47% | −47% | 332 |
| Marshall Islands | 9 | 205 kt 3% | 882.19 | +43% | +43% | 223 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 12 | 175 kt 3% | 716.12 | +16% | +16% | 138 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 165 kt 2% | 515.40 | −17% | −17% | 291 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 9 | 67 kt 1% | 994.39 | +61% | +61% | 71 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 7 | 34 kt 0% | – | – | – | – |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 1 | 23 kt 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 2 | 8,689 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Liberia | 1 | 5,243 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 1 | 5,085 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 618.41 g CO₂/pax·nm and 245 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
General cargo · 1,380 ships · 46% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin General cargo | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (dwt)g/dwt·nm, median ship | vs General cargo medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 205 | 1.3 Mt 24% | 23.25 | +21% | +21% | 49 |
| Liberia | 154 | 562 kt 10% | 16.19 | −16% | −16% | 62 |
| Marshall Islands | 123 | 468 kt 8% | 10.56 | −45% | −45% | 68 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 91 | 419 kt 8% | 25.74 | +34% | +34% | 53 |
| Panama | 148 | 415 kt 8% | 18.69 | −3% | −3% | 52 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 66 | 311 kt 6% | 26.81 | +39% | +39% | 49 |
| Bahamas | 61 | 261 kt 5% | 8.55 | −56% | −56% | 82 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 42 | 249 kt 5% | 17.24 | −10% | −10% | 78 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 39 | 221 kt 4% | 20.67 | +7% | +7% | 67 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 60 | 219 kt 4% | 8.73 | −55% | −55% | 78 |
| Barbados | 62 | 148 kt 3% | 18.12 | −6% | −6% | 45 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 33 | 119 kt 2% | 19.68 | +2% | +2% | 41 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 14 | 114 kt 2% | 22.34 | +16% | +16% | 60 |
| China | 30 | 104 kt 2% | 5.96 | −69% | −69% | 79 |
| Singapore | 27 | 82 kt 1% | 8.95 | −53% | −53% | 74 |
Segment median: 19.25 g CO₂/dwt·nm and 59 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-ro · 234 ships · 75% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Ro-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MaltaEU/EEA | 40 | 984 kt 18% | 88.16 | −10% | −7% | 102 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 20 | 631 kt 12% | 80.13 | −18% | +10% | 142 |
| Turkiye | 16 | 611 kt 11% | 74.15 | −24% | 0% | 115 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 18 | 560 kt 10% | 89.31 | −8% | +15% | 130 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 19 | 535 kt 10% | 94.16 | −4% | +14% | 147 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 15 | 320 kt 6% | 140.86 | +44% | +3% | 106 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 11 | 254 kt 5% | 78.95 | −19% | −25% | 102 |
| Unknown | 8 | 219 kt 4% | 59.40 | −39% | −13% | 129 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 6 | 189 kt 4% | 228.28 | +134% | +26% | 104 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 149 kt 3% | 84.82 | −13% | −14% | 103 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 8 | 116 kt 2% | 505.44 | +418% | +63% | 71 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 8 | 100 kt 2% | 177.75 | +82% | +6% | 101 |
| Tunisia | 4 | 98 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Faroe Islands | 3 | 90 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 4 | 78 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 97.53 g CO₂/t·nm and 106 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Vehicle carrier · 472 ships · 30% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Vehicle carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Vehicle carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panama | 117 | 1.0 Mt 23% | 59.51 | +8% | +3% | 102 |
| Liberia | 49 | 543 kt 12% | 52.13 | −6% | −6% | 100 |
| Bahamas | 49 | 409 kt 9% | 53.48 | −3% | 0% | 104 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 45 | 381 kt 9% | 49.13 | −11% | −1% | 103 |
| Marshall Islands | 35 | 328 kt 8% | 55.00 | −1% | +5% | 104 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 19 | 317 kt 7% | 73.59 | +33% | −2% | 106 |
| Japan | 42 | 303 kt 7% | – | – | – | – |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 27 | 264 kt 6% | 56.95 | +3% | −7% | 97 |
| South Korea | 33 | 257 kt 6% | 49.22 | −11% | +8% | 114 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 12 | 112 kt 3% | 44.71 | −19% | −5% | 106 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 5 | 79 kt 2% | 76.26 | +38% | −50% | 72 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 5 | 74 kt 2% | 77.23 | +40% | −16% | 81 |
| United States | 10 | 70 kt 2% | 49.44 | −11% | +11% | 109 |
| Singapore | 7 | 68 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 6 | 48 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 55.31 g CO₂/t·nm and 103 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Gas carrier (LPG) · 371 ships · 34% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Gas carrier (LPG) | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Gas carrier (LPG) medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 74 | 477 kt 19% | 33.49 | −6% | 0% | 83 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 41 | 350 kt 14% | 47.35 | +32% | −1% | 79 |
| Singapore | 55 | 340 kt 13% | 35.58 | −1% | −9% | 70 |
| Panama | 48 | 250 kt 10% | 40.52 | +13% | −3% | 102 |
| Marshall Islands | 32 | 210 kt 8% | 23.59 | −34% | −3% | 75 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 19 | 188 kt 7% | 23.36 | −35% | −4% | 100 |
| Bahamas | 11 | 145 kt 6% | 16.93 | −53% | +13% | 119 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 13 | 112 kt 4% | 41.89 | +17% | −8% | 74 |
| Isle of Man | 10 | 71 kt 3% | 126.50 | +253% | +23% | 74 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 60 kt 2% | 139.62 | +290% | +28% | 70 |
| Algeria | 6 | 57 kt 2% | 32.61 | −9% | +16% | 117 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 7 | 46 kt 2% | 117.32 | +228% | +6% | 70 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 9 | 39 kt 2% | 40.22 | +12% | −9% | 117 |
| Unknown | 5 | 39 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 4 | 38 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 35.82 g CO₂/t·nm and 80 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Con-ro · 70 ships · 90% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Con-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs Con-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 37 | 684 kt 55% | 9.15 | −2% | −2% | 136 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 6 | 232 kt 19% | 46.27 | +395% | +395% | 156 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 9 | 137 kt 11% | 4.54 | −51% | −51% | 161 |
| Marshall Islands | 5 | 50 kt 4% | – | – | – | – |
| SpainEU/EEA | 2 | 39 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| Saudi Arabia | 6 | 32 kt 3% | 8.11 | −13% | −13% | 96 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 2 | 30 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 1 | 21 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Bahamas | 2 | 21 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 9.36 g CO₂/m³·nm and 136 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Reefer · 139 ships · 15% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Reefer | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Reefer medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 74 | 413 kt 45% | 64.44 | +10% | 0% | 78 |
| Liberia | 25 | 237 kt 26% | 42.36 | −28% | −2% | 86 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 4 | 122 kt 13% | – | – | – | – |
| Panama | 23 | 74 kt 8% | 48.70 | −17% | −16% | 63 |
| Singapore | 3 | 25 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| Barbados | 2 | 24 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 1 | 10 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 1 | 5,283 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Russia | 2 | 5,142 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Curacao | 1 | 1,914 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 1 | 1,091 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Japan | 1 | 976 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 1 | 835 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 58.69 g CO₂/t·nm and 81 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Cruise · 18 ships · 46% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Cruise | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Cruise medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 5 | 194 kt 48% | 560.14 | −18% | −18% | 347 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 2 | 92 kt 23% | – | – | – | – |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 3 | 67 kt 16% | – | – | – | – |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 4 | 24 kt 6% | – | – | – | – |
| Panama | 1 | 18 kt 4% | – | – | – | – |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 7,226 t 2% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 1 | 4,328 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 1 | 361 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 686.09 g CO₂/pax·nm and 207 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Combination · 10 ships · 31% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Combination | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Combination medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 5 | 20 kt 51% | – | – | – | – |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 3 | 12 kt 31% | – | – | – | – |
| Liberia | 1 | 5,606 t 14% | – | – | – | – |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 1,428 t 4% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 21.51 g CO₂/t·nm and 98 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Offshore · 6 ships · 100% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Offshore | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Offshore medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 5 | 19 kt 89% | 48.81 | 0% | 0% | 38 |
| PolandEU/EEA | 1 | 2,356 t 11% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 48.81 g CO₂/t·nm and 38 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
How the flag is estimated
The port of registry is typed by each company, so one port appears in many forms ("Monrovia", "MONRAVIA", "Monrovia, Liberia"). Navalyze matches 570 spellings in 2024 to 83 flags. 385 reports leave the port blank; 242 of them take the flag the same ship (IMO number) has in its nearest other reporting year, and the rest stay unknown. 50 ports could not be matched.
The estimate cannot tell second registers apart: NIS and NOR are both Norway, DIS and DAS both Denmark, and the Madeira register is Portugal. A ship that changed flag during the year shows the port named in its report. Some ports could mean two flags; the choices made are:
- Hamilton taken as Bermuda (73 ships under Bermuda)
- George Town / Georgetown taken as Cayman (51 ships under Cayman Islands)
- Leirvik taken as Faroe (operators are Faroese) (14 ships under Faroe Islands)
- NIS and NOR registers both shown as Norway (357 ships under Norway)
- DIS and DAS both shown as Denmark (259 ships under Denmark)
- Mata-Utu (Wallis and Futuna), French register (105 ships under France)
- Tripoli taken as Libya (operator is Libyan) (7 ships under Libya)
- Portsmouth taken as Dominica (low confidence) (1 ships under Dominica)
Not matched: Montreal (SUNNANVIK), Batumi (DIOSCURIA), Bolshoy port of St.Petersburg (NOVIY SVET), YOKOHAMA (ASUKA II), FREE TOWN (LADY KHADIJA), Varna (SAKAR), Alofi (LOLO GATE), Sao Tome (DEBBIE), GREECE (HIGHSPEED 3), ST. KITTS & NEVIS (BR LEADER), Bandar Abbas (SHIBA), Qeshm Island (DAISY), Qeshm (KASHAN), Qeshm Island (AZARGOUN), FUKUOKA (SAGITTARIUS LEADER), FUKUOKA (CEPHEUS LEADER), HAIPHONG (HTK FORTUNE), Nexø (TORM VOYAGER), Finström (MISANA), ES SIDER (MAETIGA), BTIDGE TOWN (NEW BORN), Årø (TORM ATLANTIC), Kaohsiung (CHINA STEEL INNOVATOR), Velletta (OCEAN CENTURY), FUKUOKA (ASTERIA LEADER), Gorinchem (MAPLE TULIP), FUKUOKA (THEMIS LEADER), Monroovia (LILA SEOUL), QINGDAO (JU XI), Kotor (KOTOR), Kotor (DVADESETPRVI MAJ), CAO FEI DIAN (RUI NING 20), SHNAGHAI (CHANG HANG HAN HAI), Mjuro (SASEBO GREEN), Bahrain (SEAPEAK BAHRAIN), Kaohsiung (CSC VICTOR), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (IDEL 1), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (IDEL 2), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (IDEL 3), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (ANDREY ZUEV), The Creek (RENAISSANCE), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (PETROTRANS-5901), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (PETROTRANS-5903), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (PETROTRANS-5904), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (PETROTRANS-5905), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (ALEXANDER PYATOV), Bolshoy port of St.-Petersburg (IDEL 4), PING TAN (SHANG DE WU YI SHAN), Panaam, Ciudad de (PRINCE), Stranraer (STENA CLEAR SKY).
Totals count each ship once a year: a part-year report of a ship that also has a full-year report is left out, as on every other page. The flag also shows on each ship page.