Navalyze · Flags
Flags of ships reporting to EU MRV, 2023
THETIS-MRV has no flag column, but every report names the ship's port of registry, and each port belongs to one flag state (Monrovia to Liberia, Majuro to the Marshall Islands). Navalyze reads the 538 ways the port is written in 2023 and assigns 81 flags. These are estimates, not official flag data; see how the flag is estimated.
The year at a glance
Largest flags
The 25 flags with most CO₂ in 2023. Bars show emissions; "EU" marks EU/EEA flags.
- Liberia18.1 Mt
- Marshall Islands13.8 Mt
- Panama11.9 Mt
- Malta · EU11.0 Mt
- Italy · EU7.1 Mt
- Bahamas6.8 Mt
- Portugal · EU6.4 Mt
- Hong Kong (China)5.8 Mt
- Singapore5.7 Mt
- Greece · EU4.5 Mt
- Denmark · EU4.2 Mt
- Cyprus · EU3.8 Mt
- Norway · EU3.5 Mt
- Netherlands · EU2.7 Mt
- France · EU2.2 Mt
- Bermuda2.1 Mt
- Antigua and Barbuda1.8 Mt
- Finland · EU1.7 Mt
- Spain · EU1.7 Mt
- Germany · EU1.5 Mt
- Sweden · EU1.2 Mt
- Turkiye1.0 Mt
- United Kingdom938 kt
- United States786 kt
- Isle of Man613 kt
Show as table, with ships, fuel and EU ETS
| Flag | Ships | CO₂ | Fuel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 2,140 | 18.1 Mt 14% | 5.8 Mt |
| Marshall Islands | 1,969 | 13.8 Mt 11% | 4.4 Mt |
| Panama | 1,469 | 11.9 Mt 9% | 3.8 Mt |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 1,009 | 11.0 Mt 9% | 3.6 Mt |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 271 | 7.1 Mt 5% | 2.3 Mt |
| Bahamas | 539 | 6.8 Mt 5% | 2.2 Mt |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 512 | 6.4 Mt 5% | 2.0 Mt |
| Hong Kong (China) | 585 | 5.8 Mt 4% | 1.9 Mt |
| Singapore | 664 | 5.7 Mt 4% | 1.8 Mt |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 296 | 4.5 Mt 3% | 1.5 Mt |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 248 | 4.2 Mt 3% | 1.4 Mt |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 287 | 3.8 Mt 3% | 1.2 Mt |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 343 | 3.5 Mt 3% | 1.1 Mt |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 307 | 2.7 Mt 2% | 860 kt |
| FranceEU/EEA | 95 | 2.2 Mt 2% | 731 kt |
| Bermuda | 72 | 2.1 Mt 2% | 718 kt |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 267 | 1.8 Mt 1% | 557 kt |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 64 | 1.7 Mt 1% | 553 kt |
| SpainEU/EEA | 50 | 1.7 Mt 1% | 541 kt |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 73 | 1.5 Mt 1% | 498 kt |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 64 | 1.2 Mt 1% | 391 kt |
| Turkiye | 119 | 1.0 Mt 1% | 324 kt |
| United Kingdom | 60 | 938 kt 1% | 305 kt |
| United States | 39 | 786 kt 1% | 251 kt |
| Isle of Man | 91 | 613 kt 0% | 196 kt |
| Other flags (56) | 1,007 | 6.0 Mt 5% | 1.9 Mt |
| Unknown | 189 | 1.8 Mt 1% | 594 kt |
Flags over time
CO₂ of the six largest flags of the latest year, in every reporting year. Blank ports are filled from the same ship's other years.
- Liberia
- Marshall Islands
- Malta
- Panama
- Singapore
- Portugal
EU/EEA flags' share of all CO₂: 2018 40% · 2019 40% · 2020 39% · 2021 42% · 2022 40% · 2023 41% · 2024 39% · 2025 40%
EU/EEA and other flags
EU/EEA means the 27 EU member states, Norway and Iceland. Overseas registers with their own flag, such as the Faroe Islands, Isle of Man, Gibraltar and Bermuda, count as other flags.
| Flags | Shipsreporting | CO₂emitted, total | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU/EEA flags | 3,718 | 52.6 Mt 41% | +12% | +2% |
| Other flags | 8,922 | 74.2 Mt 58% | −3% | −1% |
| Unknown flag | 189 | 1.8 Mt 1% | – | – |
Flag mix of each segment
Share of each segment's CO₂ under the 10 largest flags, and under all EU/EEA flags together. Each row adds up to 100% across all flags.
| Segment | Liberia | Marshall Islands | Panama | Malta | Italy | Bahamas | Portugal | Hong Kong (China) | Singapore | Greece | All EU/EEA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Container | 24% | 3% | 14% | 7% | · | · | 11% | 10% | 6% | · | 33% |
| Oil tanker | 19% | 26% | 3% | 10% | 2% | 6% | 2% | 3% | 5% | 9% | 32% |
| Bulk carrier | 20% | 23% | 17% | 7% | · | 3% | 3% | 5% | 5% | 1% | 16% |
| Ro-pax | · | · | · | · | 24% | 1% | · | · | · | 12% | 93% |
| LNG carrier | 4% | 20% | 3% | 11% | · | 16% | · | 4% | 5% | 8% | 34% |
| Chemical tanker | 15% | 19% | 7% | 15% | 4% | 1% | 4% | 3% | 6% | · | 38% |
| Passenger | · | 3% | 12% | 21% | 16% | 26% | 1% | · | · | · | 44% |
| Ro-ro | · | · | · | 16% | 14% | · | 4% | · | · | · | 76% |
| General cargo | 10% | 8% | 6% | 3% | · | 3% | 7% | 5% | 1% | · | 50% |
| Vehicle carrier | 9% | 7% | 25% | 6% | 7% | 12% | 2% | · | 2% | 2% | 30% |
| Gas carrier (LPG) | 19% | 6% | 8% | 11% | · | 8% | · | 3% | 14% | 2% | 32% |
| Con-ro | · | 1% | · | 14% | 60% | 1% | 7% | · | · | · | 92% |
| Reefer | 27% | · | 10% | · | 13% | 42% | · | · | · | · | 15% |
Flags beyond the largest fifteen of a segment are counted in the EU/EEA total but not shown in their own column.
How each flag's ships compare
Each ship is set against the median ship of its own segment, on the platform's KPIs; the figure shown is the median of those differences for the flag's ships. Within a segment, bigger ships burn more fuel per mile but less CO₂ per tonne carried, so a flag with smaller ships looks higher on CO₂ per transport work for reasons of size. The similar-size column compares each ship only with ships of its own size band.
| Flag | Shipsbenchmarked | vs segment medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmvs segment median | LNG / alt. fuelships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 1,966 | −3% | 0% | +5% | 0 / 26 |
| Marshall Islands | 1,873 | −3% | −1% | +2% | 0 / 48 |
| Panama | 1,384 | −7% | −3% | 0% | 0 / 19 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 984 | +11% | +1% | −4% | 0 / 50 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 264 | +22% | +10% | +6% | 0 / 5 |
| Bahamas | 523 | +2% | +4% | +4% | 0 / 41 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 449 | +47% | +4% | −20% | 0 / 2 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 524 | −22% | −1% | +13% | 0 / 11 |
| Singapore | 620 | −14% | −10% | −6% | 0 / 29 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 283 | −26% | −3% | +10% | 0 / 34 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 227 | 0% | −7% | −6% | 0 / 4 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 271 | +28% | 0% | −9% | 0 / 17 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 324 | −10% | −1% | −4% | 0 / 35 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 278 | +24% | +16% | −18% | 0 / 6 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 93 | +23% | +18% | −9% | 0 / 25 |
| Bermuda | 71 | −4% | −9% | +2% | 0 / 38 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 152 | +84% | +8% | −25% | 0 / 0 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 61 | −6% | −7% | +6% | 0 / 5 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 46 | +25% | +24% | +3% | 0 / 6 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 66 | +16% | +8% | +23% | 0 / 12 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 62 | +15% | −10% | −3% | 0 / 9 |
| Turkiye | 113 | +55% | +2% | −25% | 0 / 0 |
| United Kingdom | 54 | −16% | +1% | +17% | 0 / 4 |
| Isle of Man | 84 | −6% | −3% | +3% | 0 / 2 |
- vs segment median :
- CO₂ per transport work against the median segment ship. Below 0% is better.
- vs similar-size ships :
- CO₂ per transport work of the median ship, against the median ship of the same size band in its segment (whole segment where the segment has no size bands). Below 0% is better.
- Fuel kg/nm :
- Fuel per mile of the median ship, against the median ship of its segment. Bigger ships burn more per mile, so this follows ship size.
- LNG / alt. fuel :
- Ships burning mostly LNG / ships using biofuel, methanol or similar, mostly or blended into oil.
Flags with at least 40 benchmarked ships (full-year reports with fuel and a valid figure, trimmed per segment as on the market page). Ro-pax, cruise and passenger ships count per passenger, LNG carriers and con-ro per m³, general cargo per dwt. Size bands exist for cargo segments; elsewhere the similar-size column uses the whole segment.
Flags inside each segment
The largest flags of each segment, with the KPIs of their median ship.
Container · 1,928 ships · 33% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Container | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Container medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 498 | 8.7 Mt 24% | 19.68 | +1% | 0% | 174 |
| Panama | 233 | 5.2 Mt 14% | 14.53 | −25% | +2% | 220 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 217 | 4.2 Mt 11% | 35.61 | +84% | +4% | 93 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 140 | 3.6 Mt 10% | 11.76 | −39% | +4% | 232 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 166 | 2.7 Mt 7% | 18.72 | −4% | +2% | 156 |
| Singapore | 122 | 2.3 Mt 6% | 15.95 | −18% | −11% | 158 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 77 | 1.9 Mt 5% | 8.08 | −58% | −11% | 285 |
| Marshall Islands | 67 | 1.2 Mt 3% | 22.94 | +18% | −4% | 155 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 47 | 1.1 Mt 3% | 11.71 | −40% | +1% | 232 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 75 | 982 kt 3% | 39.00 | +101% | −1% | 84 |
| United States | 23 | 671 kt 2% | 12.14 | −37% | −8% | 192 |
| Unknown | 39 | 601 kt 2% | 14.49 | −25% | −2% | 223 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 19 | 587 kt 2% | 18.04 | −7% | +3% | 204 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 44 | 537 kt 1% | 49.52 | +155% | +6% | 79 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 23 | 298 kt 1% | 49.49 | +155% | +10% | 80 |
Segment median: 19.40 g CO₂/t·nm and 165 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Oil tanker · 1,929 ships · 32% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Oil tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Oil tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 476 | 4.3 Mt 26% | 8.32 | −1% | −2% | 130 |
| Liberia | 373 | 3.2 Mt 19% | 8.17 | −3% | +1% | 139 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 182 | 1.7 Mt 10% | 9.72 | +15% | +8% | 132 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 144 | 1.6 Mt 9% | 6.25 | −26% | +2% | 147 |
| Bahamas | 107 | 1.1 Mt 6% | 7.28 | −14% | 0% | 138 |
| Singapore | 129 | 919 kt 5% | 7.81 | −7% | −15% | 107 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 42 | 617 kt 4% | 21.82 | +159% | +30% | 103 |
| Panama | 93 | 511 kt 3% | 10.15 | +20% | −3% | 124 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 52 | 434 kt 3% | 6.10 | −28% | 0% | 152 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 37 | 362 kt 2% | 28.26 | +235% | +20% | 100 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 34 | 350 kt 2% | 22.77 | +170% | +14% | 85 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 64 | 344 kt 2% | 9.44 | +12% | −9% | 101 |
| Isle of Man | 20 | 180 kt 1% | 10.28 | +22% | +2% | 136 |
| Cayman Islands | 10 | 132 kt 1% | 6.78 | −20% | +4% | 134 |
| Unknown | 16 | 108 kt 1% | 8.03 | −5% | +6% | 136 |
Segment median: 8.44 g CO₂/t·nm and 129 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Bulk carrier · 3,796 ships · 16% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Bulk carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Bulk carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 854 | 3.5 Mt 23% | 8.34 | +1% | +1% | 87 |
| Liberia | 736 | 3.0 Mt 20% | 8.25 | 0% | +3% | 90 |
| Panama | 661 | 2.6 Mt 17% | 7.57 | −8% | −4% | 86 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 261 | 1.0 Mt 7% | 8.85 | +7% | +1% | 86 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 254 | 807 kt 5% | 7.55 | −9% | 0% | 88 |
| Singapore | 175 | 735 kt 5% | 7.12 | −14% | −6% | 82 |
| Bahamas | 115 | 522 kt 3% | 9.85 | +19% | +6% | 85 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 76 | 427 kt 3% | 9.71 | +17% | −2% | 81 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 82 | 333 kt 2% | 8.18 | −1% | 0% | 84 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 49 | 202 kt 1% | 6.77 | −18% | −3% | 83 |
| Unknown | 52 | 196 kt 1% | 7.31 | −12% | 0% | 90 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 46 | 189 kt 1% | 6.12 | −26% | +5% | 111 |
| China | 77 | 164 kt 1% | 8.43 | +2% | +6% | 92 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 15 | 150 kt 1% | 17.29 | +109% | +10% | 89 |
| Barbados | 50 | 129 kt 1% | 14.55 | +76% | −2% | 69 |
Segment median: 8.27 g CO₂/t·nm and 86 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-pax · 404 ships · 93% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-pax | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Ro-pax medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 78 | 3.2 Mt 24% | 957.12 | +41% | +41% | 184 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 43 | 1.6 Mt 12% | 232.90 | −66% | −66% | 163 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 58 | 1.6 Mt 12% | 578.55 | −15% | −15% | 148 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 32 | 1.1 Mt 8% | 812.06 | +19% | +19% | 159 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 28 | 1.0 Mt 8% | 777.90 | +14% | +14% | 156 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 29 | 906 kt 7% | 961.81 | +41% | +41% | 129 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 15 | 755 kt 6% | 135.80 | −80% | −80% | 162 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 20 | 725 kt 5% | 466.74 | −31% | −31% | 154 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 32 | 591 kt 4% | 557.46 | −18% | −18% | 65 |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 259 kt 2% | 712.38 | +5% | +5% | 186 |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 6 | 245 kt 2% | 1,117.35 | +64% | +64% | 139 |
| EstoniaEU/EEA | 7 | 195 kt 1% | 515.24 | −24% | −24% | 170 |
| Bahamas | 8 | 157 kt 1% | 182.75 | −73% | −73% | 130 |
| GermanyEU/EEA | 6 | 143 kt 1% | 1,240.42 | +82% | +82% | 104 |
| Tunisia | 2 | 137 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 680.04 g CO₂/pax·nm and 153 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
LNG carrier · 371 ships · 34% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin LNG carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs LNG carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 72 | 2.0 Mt 20% | 10.34 | +14% | +14% | 290 |
| Bahamas | 45 | 1.6 Mt 16% | 9.94 | +9% | +9% | 326 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 41 | 1.1 Mt 11% | 7.05 | −22% | −22% | 196 |
| Bermuda | 39 | 1.0 Mt 10% | 9.17 | +1% | +1% | 227 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 34 | 813 kt 8% | 6.91 | −24% | −24% | 210 |
| Singapore | 27 | 530 kt 5% | 7.86 | −14% | −14% | 208 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 12 | 434 kt 4% | 7.21 | −21% | −21% | 217 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 7 | 379 kt 4% | 11.03 | +21% | +21% | 319 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 8 | 371 kt 4% | 10.77 | +18% | +18% | 305 |
| Liberia | 18 | 355 kt 4% | 9.65 | +6% | +6% | 211 |
| Panama | 16 | 320 kt 3% | 9.09 | 0% | 0% | 242 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 15 | 305 kt 3% | 5.91 | −35% | −35% | 181 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 7 | 296 kt 3% | 8.65 | −5% | −5% | 271 |
| Unknown | 11 | 285 kt 3% | 8.14 | −10% | −10% | 278 |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 4 | 116 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 9.10 g CO₂/m³·nm and 231 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Chemical tanker · 1,354 ships · 38% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Chemical tanker | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Chemical tanker medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall Islands | 292 | 1.5 Mt 19% | 13.44 | −17% | −2% | 84 |
| Liberia | 227 | 1.2 Mt 15% | 14.37 | −11% | −1% | 85 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 164 | 1.2 Mt 15% | 27.70 | +71% | +7% | 74 |
| Panama | 120 | 542 kt 7% | 15.12 | −7% | −10% | 76 |
| Singapore | 99 | 511 kt 6% | 13.11 | −19% | −9% | 79 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 69 | 469 kt 6% | 14.13 | −13% | +3% | 90 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 35 | 341 kt 4% | 29.96 | +85% | +34% | 96 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 42 | 340 kt 4% | 28.61 | +76% | +5% | 77 |
| Cayman Islands | 33 | 247 kt 3% | 17.04 | +5% | +16% | 116 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 33 | 227 kt 3% | 35.62 | +119% | −6% | 59 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 37 | 220 kt 3% | 11.96 | −26% | −2% | 95 |
| Saudi Arabia | 21 | 118 kt 1% | 9.87 | −39% | +4% | 98 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 17 | 112 kt 1% | 27.59 | +70% | −13% | 61 |
| Bahamas | 12 | 81 kt 1% | 22.90 | +41% | −1% | 91 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 13 | 74 kt 1% | 32.64 | +101% | −7% | 55 |
Segment median: 16.23 g CO₂/t·nm and 82 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Passenger · 207 ships · 44% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Passenger | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Passenger medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 63 | 1.9 Mt 26% | 970.43 | +55% | +55% | 207 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 40 | 1.5 Mt 21% | 494.21 | −21% | −21% | 313 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 20 | 1.2 Mt 16% | 371.42 | −41% | −41% | 321 |
| Panama | 16 | 892 kt 12% | 434.11 | −31% | −31% | 334 |
| Bermuda | 17 | 772 kt 11% | 503.70 | −19% | −19% | 387 |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 329 kt 5% | 358.81 | −43% | −43% | 349 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 12 | 207 kt 3% | 858.11 | +37% | +37% | 185 |
| Marshall Islands | 9 | 187 kt 3% | 779.83 | +25% | +25% | 217 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 176 kt 2% | 552.30 | −12% | −12% | 291 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 10 | 61 kt 1% | 1,701.78 | +172% | +172% | 78 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 5 | 47 kt 1% | 2,470.92 | +295% | +295% | 72 |
| BelgiumEU/EEA | 1 | 4,637 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Cayman Islands | 1 | 2,588 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 1 | 2,208 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 625.29 g CO₂/pax·nm and 270 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Ro-ro · 226 ships · 76% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Ro-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Ro-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MaltaEU/EEA | 39 | 886 kt 16% | 97.03 | −11% | −8% | 99 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 22 | 756 kt 14% | 89.74 | −17% | +3% | 139 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 23 | 663 kt 12% | 102.52 | −6% | +18% | 121 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 19 | 630 kt 12% | 100.32 | −8% | +16% | 130 |
| Turkiye | 16 | 628 kt 11% | 72.08 | −34% | −5% | 117 |
| Unknown | 8 | 231 kt 4% | 62.75 | −42% | +5% | 118 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 10 | 231 kt 4% | 170.22 | +57% | +23% | 110 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 9 | 221 kt 4% | 79.78 | −27% | +1% | 112 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 5 | 195 kt 4% | 293.43 | +170% | +62% | 112 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 133 kt 2% | 70.56 | −35% | −27% | 96 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 7 | 111 kt 2% | 176.22 | +62% | +6% | 111 |
| FranceEU/EEA | 8 | 109 kt 2% | 658.03 | +506% | +83% | 74 |
| Isle of Man | 5 | 96 kt 2% | 128.77 | +19% | −3% | 106 |
| Tunisia | 3 | 79 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 4 | 73 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 108.62 g CO₂/t·nm and 107 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
General cargo · 1,231 ships · 50% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin General cargo | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (dwt)g/dwt·nm, median ship | vs General cargo medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 210 | 1.3 Mt 27% | 24.10 | +17% | +17% | 51 |
| Liberia | 132 | 499 kt 10% | 18.38 | −11% | −11% | 71 |
| Marshall Islands | 115 | 420 kt 8% | 11.46 | −45% | −45% | 72 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 66 | 334 kt 7% | 26.75 | +29% | +29% | 46 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 70 | 324 kt 6% | 24.28 | +18% | +18% | 52 |
| Panama | 125 | 314 kt 6% | 22.26 | +8% | +8% | 51 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 44 | 257 kt 5% | 17.84 | −14% | −14% | 48 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 71 | 231 kt 5% | 8.29 | −60% | −60% | 80 |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 33 | 177 kt 4% | 20.34 | −2% | −2% | 69 |
| Bahamas | 39 | 162 kt 3% | 10.11 | −51% | −51% | 79 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 40 | 141 kt 3% | 19.60 | −5% | −5% | 39 |
| China | 33 | 123 kt 2% | 4.54 | −78% | −78% | 81 |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 12 | 104 kt 2% | 23.79 | +15% | +15% | 62 |
| Barbados | 41 | 97 kt 2% | 20.99 | +1% | +1% | 48 |
| Singapore | 28 | 69 kt 1% | 11.37 | −45% | −45% | 72 |
Segment median: 20.67 g CO₂/dwt·nm and 60 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Vehicle carrier · 461 ships · 30% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Vehicle carrier | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Vehicle carrier medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panama | 121 | 1.1 Mt 25% | 53.82 | −5% | −1% | 104 |
| Bahamas | 47 | 495 kt 12% | 60.20 | +6% | +14% | 117 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 43 | 408 kt 10% | 46.20 | −18% | −7% | 107 |
| Liberia | 38 | 368 kt 9% | 58.59 | +3% | −9% | 98 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 18 | 312 kt 7% | 68.46 | +21% | +7% | 103 |
| Marshall Islands | 38 | 288 kt 7% | 62.86 | +11% | +6% | 103 |
| Japan | 46 | 281 kt 7% | 56.37 | −1% | −2% | 101 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 27 | 264 kt 6% | 63.24 | +12% | 0% | 97 |
| South Korea | 29 | 222 kt 5% | 51.27 | −9% | +7% | 111 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 5 | 79 kt 2% | 97.89 | +73% | −9% | 70 |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 10 | 73 kt 2% | 45.02 | −20% | +8% | 112 |
| Singapore | 7 | 67 kt 2% | 42.79 | −24% | −11% | 103 |
| United States | 10 | 65 kt 2% | 70.17 | +24% | +4% | 113 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 4 | 63 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 7 | 48 kt 1% | 47.91 | −15% | +3% | 102 |
Segment median: 56.64 g CO₂/t·nm and 103 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Gas carrier (LPG) · 338 ships · 32% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Gas carrier (LPG) | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Gas carrier (LPG) medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 65 | 482 kt 19% | 40.25 | −4% | +5% | 87 |
| Singapore | 59 | 356 kt 14% | 46.32 | +11% | −6% | 68 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 33 | 285 kt 11% | 32.18 | −23% | −16% | 78 |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 22 | 231 kt 9% | 34.81 | −17% | −3% | 105 |
| Panama | 35 | 195 kt 8% | 63.51 | +52% | +1% | 96 |
| Bahamas | 11 | 195 kt 8% | 17.04 | −59% | +6% | 128 |
| Marshall Islands | 28 | 149 kt 6% | 20.23 | −52% | −10% | 86 |
| Isle of Man | 13 | 96 kt 4% | 44.00 | +5% | 0% | 80 |
| DenmarkEU/EEA | 9 | 78 kt 3% | 49.20 | +18% | −7% | 79 |
| Hong Kong (China) | 7 | 69 kt 3% | 37.40 | −10% | +4% | 118 |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 7 | 65 kt 3% | 132.88 | +218% | +8% | 75 |
| Unknown | 5 | 63 kt 2% | 15.44 | −63% | −13% | 120 |
| GreeceEU/EEA | 7 | 62 kt 2% | 42.02 | +1% | +3% | 84 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 8 | 60 kt 2% | 92.29 | +121% | −1% | 62 |
| Algeria | 6 | 53 kt 2% | 37.92 | −9% | +58% | 115 |
Segment median: 41.77 g CO₂/t·nm and 83 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Con-ro · 63 ships · 92% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Con-ro | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (volume)g/m³·nm, median ship | vs Con-ro medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ItalyEU/EEA | 32 | 643 kt 60% | 8.43 | 0% | 0% | 139 |
| MaltaEU/EEA | 9 | 151 kt 14% | 6.48 | −23% | −23% | 164 |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 6 | 71 kt 7% | – | – | – | – |
| FinlandEU/EEA | 2 | 52 kt 5% | – | – | – | – |
| Saudi Arabia | 6 | 42 kt 4% | 14.00 | +66% | +66% | 103 |
| SpainEU/EEA | 2 | 38 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| SwedenEU/EEA | 1 | 34 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 2 | 34 kt 3% | – | – | – | – |
| Bahamas | 1 | 8,197 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Marshall Islands | 1 | 5,499 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Cameroon | 1 | 142 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 8.42 g CO₂/m³·nm and 134 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Reefer · 137 ships · 15% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Reefer | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Reefer medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 76 | 449 kt 42% | 56.34 | +1% | 0% | 79 |
| Liberia | 26 | 290 kt 27% | 44.03 | −21% | −10% | 86 |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 4 | 136 kt 13% | – | – | – | – |
| Panama | 19 | 109 kt 10% | 56.42 | +1% | −4% | 68 |
| Barbados | 2 | 24 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| NetherlandsEU/EEA | 1 | 18 kt 2% | – | – | – | – |
| Russia | 2 | 14 kt 1% | – | – | – | – |
| LithuaniaEU/EEA | 2 | 6,681 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Curacao | 3 | 6,501 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
| Japan | 1 | 4,953 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 1 | 2,467 t 0% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 55.59 g CO₂/t·nm and 81 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Cruise · 10 ships · 54% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Cruise | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (pax)g/pax·nm, median ship | vs Cruise medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahamas | 1 | 34 kt 32% | – | – | – | – |
| PortugalEU/EEA | 4 | 27 kt 25% | – | – | – | – |
| NorwayEU/EEA | 2 | 25 kt 23% | – | – | – | – |
| Panama | 1 | 14 kt 13% | – | – | – | – |
| CyprusEU/EEA | 1 | 5,153 t 5% | – | – | – | – |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 769 t 1% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 1,701.04 g CO₂/pax·nm and 73 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
Combination · 7 ships · 36% of CO₂ under EU/EEA flags
| Flag | Shipsin Combination | CO₂emitted, total | CO₂ per transport work (cargo)g/t·nm, median ship | vs Combination medianlower is better | vs similar-size shipssame segment, lower is better | Fuel kg/nmmedian ship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | 1 | 15 kt 40% | – | – | – | – |
| ItalyEU/EEA | 2 | 14 kt 36% | – | – | – | – |
| Marshall Islands | 2 | 5,640 t 15% | – | – | – | – |
| Singapore | 1 | 2,797 t 7% | – | – | – | – |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | 990 t 3% | – | – | – | – |
Segment median: 24.45 g CO₂/t·nm and 102 kg/nm fuel. KPI cells stay empty for flags with fewer than 5 benchmarked ships here. CO₂ per transport work is shown on CO₂; the comparison columns follow the CO₂ / CO₂eq switch.
How the flag is estimated
The port of registry is typed by each company, so one port appears in many forms ("Monrovia", "MONRAVIA", "Monrovia, Liberia"). Navalyze matches 538 spellings in 2023 to 81 flags. 387 reports leave the port blank; 267 of them take the flag the same ship (IMO number) has in its nearest other reporting year, and the rest stay unknown. 69 ports could not be matched.
The estimate cannot tell second registers apart: NIS and NOR are both Norway, DIS and DAS both Denmark, and the Madeira register is Portugal. A ship that changed flag during the year shows the port named in its report. Some ports could mean two flags; the choices made are:
- Hamilton taken as Bermuda (72 ships under Bermuda)
- George Town / Georgetown taken as Cayman (66 ships under Cayman Islands)
- Leirvik taken as Faroe (operators are Faroese) (13 ships under Faroe Islands)
- NIS and NOR registers both shown as Norway (343 ships under Norway)
- DIS and DAS both shown as Denmark (248 ships under Denmark)
- Mata-Utu (Wallis and Futuna), French register (95 ships under France)
- Tripoli taken as Libya (operator is Libyan) (6 ships under Libya)
- Portsmouth taken as Dominica (low confidence) (2 ships under Dominica)
Not matched: Panaam, Ciudad de (PRINCE), Slite (SUNNANVIK), Kalundborg (URD), Bolshoy port of St.Petersburg (NOVIY SVET), Varna (SAKAR), Alofi (LOLO GATE), Mlakal (CAPT-KHALDOUN), Qeshm (GOLSAN), GREECE (THUNDER), Aleksandria (EGY CROWN), Luebeck (AKKA), Soesterberg (NEW AMSTERDAM), Roemoe (ROBERT MAERSK), Geroge Town (PAPUA), Bandar Abbas (SHIBA), Qeshm Island (DAISY), Qeshm (KASHAN), Qeshm Island (AZARGOUN), Qeshm Island (ARTENOS), FUKUOKA (SAGITTARIUS LEADER), Qeshm Island (ARTAM), YOKOHAMA (SUNNY BRIGHT), Santos (MAERSK JALAN), FUKUOKA (CEPHEUS LEADER), HAIPHONG (HTK FORTUNE), Stranraer (STENA BLUE SKY), Korsør (THUNDER BIRD), Randers (EUGEN MAERSK), Libreville (NS PRIDE), Nexø (TORM VOYAGER), Libreville (NS POINT), HAIPHONG (HAI PHUONG STAR), Finström (MISANA), Mujaro (UMM SLAL), Stranraer (STENA CRYSTAL SKY), Libreville (SCF DON), Libreville (SCF ANGARA), Årø (TORM ATLANTIC), Mujaro (AL DAFNA), SEOGWIPO (HL SINES), HAIPHONG (HPC SUNRISE), Velletta (OCEAN CENTURY), La Paz (ALMA DEL MAR), Limasso; (WARNOW MATE), FUKUOKA (ASTERIA LEADER), HAIPHONG (HAI PHUONG 87), Maderira (JOLLY TITANIO), FUKUOKA (THEMIS LEADER), KASHIMA (LAMBERT MARU), Kotor (KOTOR).
Totals count each ship once a year: a part-year report of a ship that also has a full-year report is left out, as on every other page. The flag also shows on each ship page.